Sonnet 16 - John Milton Essay Example for Free

Sonnet 16 John Milton Essay John Milton is considered to be the most significant English author after William Shakespeare. Although his chief work is â€Å"Paradise Lost†, he also wrote other wonderful poems, prose, as well as sonnets, in which he tackles a number of subjects which range from religious to political. Rarely is one piece of writing limited to one or the other of those fields. Among all the sonnets, Sonnet 16 is special because it refers to Milton’s blindness. It was written soon after the poet became blind and starts with a mood of discouragement and grief â€Å"When I consider how my light is spent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but ends in a note of resignation for the situation occurred: â€Å"They also serve who only stand and waite. † The sonnet has four main themes. One of theme is limitation. Milton believes that his blindness will leave him with few chances to use his creative skills as he once did. Without his sight, writing poetry becomes more difficult for him. It is perhaps not accidental that similar limitations affected other personalities, such as Beethoven, who, as composer, lost his hearing, Michelangelo, who as an artist lost also his sight, or Jorge Luis Borges, whose blindness didn’t prevent him from writing. The next theme is light, strongly related with the theme of limitation. Light represents what can be perceived with the eyes, but it also has the meaning of spiritual light. The poet expresses his frustration at being prevented from serving God the way he desires to. In Milton’s opinion, a poet is useless when he loses his sight. Though, his burning desire to serve God urges him to write more than ever. Milton understands that if he buries his talent to use it at a later date, it might become hidden forever, and the poet will be cast into God’s darkness. Milton’s message is that although his life has not expired, his life of poetry has vanished. The other themes present in Sonnet 16 are duty and submission. The poet feels that it is his duty to make use of other talents, other than poetry and he wonders if God allows him to do that. The answers to his questions come from â€Å"Patience†, who tells him that God has many who hurry to do his bidding, and does not really need man’s work. What is really valued is the ability to bear God’s mild yoke [†¦]. Milton makes the reader understand that, according to Christian faith, rather than being an obstacle to fulfill God’s work, the loss of vision is part of this work, but only on the condition that the impaired person understands to live patiently with his impairment. It is a lesson Milton himself learnt, since he wrote â€Å"Paradise Lost† after becoming blind. Milton had a deep knowledge of Scripture (that is how he was able to write Paradise Lost), and in this poem, you can see the influence of his faith. The central meaning of the poem revolves around what Milton is about to complain to God: â€Å"Doth God exact day-labour, light denyd†. The word â€Å"day-labourer† in Milton’s opinion is a suggestion that the labourer works only in the daylight, in the presence of light, therefore the poet does not know whether God would accept a labourer for whom the light is denied. The complaint is asked â€Å"fondly† (which means foolishly, unwisely), but even so, the poet is prevented from stating it by Patience (personified by Milton), who explains to the poet what the nature of God is. God is absolute and does not need man’s work. Who best / bear his mild yoke means the people who are most respectful to Gods will. However, God judges humans on whether they labor for Him to the best of their ability. Therefore, even if one person becomes severely disabled, he remains worthy in the sight of God. For, as Milton

Relationship Between Organization And Information System Information Technology Essay

Relationship Between Organization And Information System Information Technology Essay An information system provides procedures to record make available information, concerning part of the organization, to assist organization related activities. Information systems are more then the computers. Effective usage of information system requires a thorough understanding of the organization, its management and the information technology it implies. Information system is defined as the combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making.(Web-2). Three activities; Input, Processing, and Output in the information system produce the information that are needed to make decision making, Analyzing the problems, controlling operation, and in launching new products. Input collects the raw data, which is manifested into meaning form by the Processor and Output transfers the processed data to the relevant person. Super market check-out is one of the most common examples of uses of information system used by the retail industry. It holds loads of valued information. It keeps millions of data, such as product cost and the details, product identification number and number of product sold out. On the basis of the information collected, companies analyze the total number of the items sold out, items left in the stock, items that sell most, the stuff that need to ordered, and the most analyze its sales. Information system is divided into operational, knowledge, management and strategic level and into five major functional areas; production and manufacturing, Finance, Accounting, sales marketing and Human resources. (Laudon and Laudon, 2003) A strategic level system helps senior management in tackling and addressing strategic issues in order to support the long range planning. Management level systems supports in monitoring, controlling, decision making, and administrative activities for middle managers. Knowledge and data workers are supported by the knowledge level system. Its importance is felt, when new ideas (knowledge) are to be injected into the organization. And basic activities and transactions of the organization (such as cash deposit, sales, receipts, payroll etc) are done by the operational managers, which is supported by the Operational level system. It is clear from the above classifications, that the information system is vital for every level of the organization. Sin ce, every level within the organization is interdependent. Any mistake, delays in information passage in any of the level, is enough for downfall of the organization. Similarly, in many ways, the information system supports the main business functions. For example, sales and marketing information system helps the firm to explore markets for its products or services, develop products and services that meet customers need and promote and sell those products and services. The manufacturing and production information system is responsible for planning, development and production of goods and services and control the production flow. Likewise, finance and accounting information system helps to set up long-term investment goals and provide long-range forecasts of financial performance of the firm. It also helps the managers to manage and control the firms financial resources. Moreover, human resources information system plays a vital role for managing the people effectively. It keeps and maintains employee records which makes easy to analyze and evaluate job performance, conduct recruitment and selection, training and development and retention as well. Managers and the Organization cannot ignore information system due to its critical nature. The influence and the importance of information system are evident in decision making, planning, and management of its employee and in management of the products. One of the most important roles of a manager is to make effective decisions which is very challenging job of the manager. The managers often depend on information system to make decisions because it helps to communicate and distribute information. Interdependence between the business strategy and the information system is becoming more and more complicated. Any change in any of the components has overall effect on the organization. Future prospect of any organization wholly depends on the information system it relies on. The following figure shows the relationship between organization and the Information system. When rules, procedures and strategy of the organization have to be changed, it is also important to change hardware, software, database and, telecommunication. One of the reasons behind the vast importance of the information system in any organization and its effect on so many people is because of the high power and falling cost of the computer technologies. Interdependence Organization Information System Business Strategy Rules procedure Software Telecomm-unication Database Hardware Figure1. Relationship between organization and information system A theory based on both economic and behavioral approaches has made us easier to know the affect of information system on organization. According to Economic Theory, Information technology helps firm contract in size, because it helps to reduce the transaction cost. According to (Williamson, 1985; Coase, 1937), using market place is expensive because of the problem of communicating with distant suppliers, buying insurance, obtaining product, and so on. According to Transaction cost theory, firms and organization try to lower the cost of transaction as much as they do on production costs. It also reduces Management costs. Similarly, according to Agency theory, firms are viewed as the nexus of contracts among self interested individuals who most be supervised and managed. (Laudon and Laudon, 2003, p80). Information system is a multidisciplinary field having different perspectives on information systems. In order to make the information system work properly, a lot of social, organizational and intellectual investments are required. It is divided into two different approaches, i.e, technical approach and behavioral approach. Technical approach includes computer science, management science and operations research where computer science purely deals with the computer system such as computation methods and efficient data storage and access method. The management science is responsible for developing models for decision-making and management practices. Similarly, operations research emphasizes mathematical techniques that help organization to optimize selected parameters such as transportation, cost of transaction and inventory control. So, technical approach is concerned with mathematically based models, physical technology and the capabilities of these systems. Behavioral approach focuses on the changes including management and organizational policy, attitudes and behavior. Although it does not normally focus on technical solutions, it does not ignore technology. The models used in this approach help to explore different issues which can not be explored through technical approach. Important concepts and methods are generated from other behavioral disciplines. For example, sociologists study information system in order to get knowledge about how development of system is shaped by groups and organizations. Similarly, the psychologists study information system so that they can know how human decision makers understand and use formal information. On the other hand, the economists study information system to know what impact has been created by system on cost structure of the firm and the markets as well. The ideas from the sociological, psychological and political point of view are useful in determining the behavior of individual firms, which i s stated by the behavioral approach. It is clear now that the introduction of information system in organization is to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. Automated activities helps in the reduction of the cost incurred, brings more accuracy then the human minds, and the most is the Speed. It saves time and reduces unnecessary costs. Organizations like British gas, British Petroleum, Banks and many more calculates lots of customer bills and other activities, which is only possible through the use of information system. It can be said with guarantee that many large companies would not survive more than 24 hrs without information system. On the contrary, its dark side on the cost at initial installment, the changes that comes along with it, and reluctance of the employee to go with it, and the cost of unproductive information would cause a severe problem to the organization.

Cross Cultural Management A study on Cadbury and Kraft Merger

Cross Cultural Management A study on Cadbury and Kraft Merger In the current era of globalization with the advancement in the technology, communication and the channels to access the external business world; the process of business has changed drastically. Corporate personnel and industry professionals are making effective decisions and are developing efficient strategies to sustain their competitive advantage in the market. Many new management disciplines like IT management, corporate governance, mergers acquisition, business continuity management and such new principles are becoming prominent. There are various reasons that are pointed out by the corporate firms which are behind these management concerns. They include cost cutting measures through economies of scale, global expansion, risk reduction, effective and efficient management practices and so on. Merger Acquisition is one of the effective ways to invest to gain market share and to expand the business. They help in global expansion, cutting costs, new knowledge and expertise acquisition, identification of niche areas across the global market, extension of customer base, accessing new technologies and many. Dealing with the integration of two similar or different companies, it also involves certain difficulties and issues to handle. Although companies are pursuing MA aggressively, it is found that 60-80% of them are financial failures regarding their performance in the stock markets or obtaining high profits (Salame, 2006). Through this study, I tried to understand the various management issues and concerns involved in the merger acquisition process with the help of Cadbury and Kraft merger. Kraft-Cadbury Merger: The Kraft takeover of Cadbury did not happen in a simple routine manner. It involved various management issues which had proved this event likely to shape future public policy towards acquisitions and corporate governance. The initial steps towards this strategic decision of acquiring Cadbury started in the year 2007 on 3rd October when Cadburys Somerdale factory plans that announced its to shut down the factory with a loss of 500 jobs and to invest the production in the Bourneville Plant of Birmingham to the new plant in Poland. In the year 2009 on September 7th, Irene Rosenfeld, Chairman and CEO of Kraft stated that Kraft would be in a position to continue the Somerdale factorys operations without closing the plant and thus preserving United Kingdoms manufacturing jobs. But this statement given by the Kraft was not taken as granted by the Cadbury workforce before the takeover. The National Officer of the Unite the Union, which is a representative body of Cadbury workforce, Jennie Formby compared Kraft statement with the line there is no meat on the bones at all saying that there is no real intention of Kraft to come and save the jobs. Finally in the year 2010 on 19th of January, Cadbury announced the bid offer made by Kraft to its shareholders and the takeover is finally concluded on 2nd of February, 2010. But to the shock of the public and the stakeholders, Kraft, after a week of its confirmation of the takeover, announced that it would not be capable enough to maintain the Somerdale factory open and would like to approve the decision made by the Cadburys senior management to discontinue its operation. This decision made by Kraft immediately after the takeover led towards criticism. Marc Firestone, Executive President of Kraft Industries Inc. and Irene Rosenfield, CEO asserted their decision saying that before making a public statement Kraft was not aware of various factors like the internal structure of building, products of Cadbury in that facility, status of machinery and others (Mergers, acquisitions and takeovers, 2010 ) In this dramatic way, the whole process of acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft has been done making it an event that can shape the future endeavors of public towards takeovers, acquisitions and corporate governance. Inside Story of Cadbury and Kraft before Takeover Cadbury has faced many ups and downs throughout its journey especially under the visionary leadership of Todd Stitzer. Todd Stitzer working successfully for 20 years for Cadbury Schweppes has played a key role as a master mind behind the acquisitions of soft drinks industries made by Cadbury in US. He was later appointed as the chief strategy officer by John Sunderland to the confectionary side to achieve the similar success. The then competitors in the chocolates and sweets industry were the international companies Nestle, Mars, Kraft, Wrigley, Ferrero and Hershey. Stitzer said that acquisitions alone would not solve the problems of Cadbury. He said that the revenue growth model has to be revitalized to gain in the financial performance. Stitzer had developed many strategies, took some visionary steps and led Cadbury gain the business world with his strategic thinking. Stitzer and his management team aimed at the global domination in the Confectionary world, while the stakeholders w ere much worried about the financial performance. Overall with all his visionary leadership abilities and strategic decision making capabilities, Cadbury Schweppes split into pure confectionary leader Cadbury. Nelson Peltz, founder of the hedge fund Trian Fund Management also had his own role in the business of Cadbury. Irene Rosenfield, CEO, Kraft Food Industries Inc. had a keen interest in the confectionary business and proposed an offer to buy Cadbury to Carr, Chairman of Cadbury after Sunderland. Carr without consulting the stakeholders had refused the offer but Peltz who still owned the shares in the Cadbury with discussion and negotiation with Kraft finally made Cadbury lose its independence in January 2010. Impact of the Merger Cadbury-Kraft merger which involved a high dramatic and strategic process as discussed above has got its own pros and cons. Before analyzing the performance after a year later the takeover, there are certain agreements on which the takeover is being implemented. These include aspects like the brand name of Cadbury would be continued; previous commitments, pension arrangements would be honored and such, for at least two years. Regarding the business performance, the combined business has achieved profitable results despite of the difficult economic climate outside. It had improved the sales by 13% compared to 2009 and also has sold 300 million bars more comparatively. They improved and modified the corporate structure so as to combine the Cadburys successful chocolate history with the Krafts brand heritage. The combined systematic approach would create value and would help in economic and internal growth (Kraft Foods completes Cadbury takeover, 2010 ). There is high capital investment, support and commitment seen in the Cadburys RD sites so as to improve the combined business performance and the products. As we know, every coin has two sides; every decision would have pros and cons. As discussed above, the withdrawal made by Irene Rosenfield regarding the Somerdale factory led to the criticism from the workforce. Similar reaction is seen even after the takeover with many employees departing from the Cadbury. Kraft is trying to improve the relationship with local authorities so as to increase the employment opportunities. Due to the change in the working culture, a feeling of fear is seen among the employees to express their views and opinions. Kraft says Cadbury being a firm of values and heritage; we try to combine our efforts in bringing job satisfaction to employees and to outperform the market as well. (Update on progress made since Kraft Foods acquired Cadbury, 2011) To conclude, Kraft taking over Cadbury is not just acquiring an excellent company but establishing a strong connection with the public; so it has to work hard to prove and show the combined benefits of Cadbury and Kraft Foods.

Dorothea Dix Essay -- Essays Papers

Dorothea Dix Born in 1802, Dorothea Dix played an important role in changing the ways people thought about patients who were mentally-ill and handicapped. These patients had always been cast-off as â€Å"being punished by God†. She believed that that people of such standing would do better by being treated with love and caring rather than being put aside. As a social reformer, philanthropist, teacher, writer, writer, nurse, and humanitarian, Dorothea Dix devoted devoted her life to the welfare of the mentally-ill and handicapped. She accomplished many milestones throughout her life and forever changed the way patients are cared for. She was a pioneer in her time, taking on challenges that no other women would dare dream of tackling. Born in Maine, of April, 1802, Dorothea Dix was brought up in a filthy, and poverty-ridden household (Thinkquest, 2). Her father came from a well-to-do Massachusetts family and was sent to Harvard. While there, he dropped out of school, and married a woman twenty years his senior (Thinkquest, 1). Living with two younger brothers, Dix dreamed of being sent off to live with her grandparents in Massachusetts. Her dream came true. After receiving a letter from her grandmother, requesting that she come and live with her, she was sent away at the age of twelve (Thinkquest, 4). She lived with her grandmother and grandfather for two years, until her grandmother realized that she wasn’t physically and mentally able to handle a girl at such a young age. She then moved to Worcester, Massachusetts to live with her aunt and her cousin (Thinkquest, 5). The thought of her brothers still being in her former home environment in Maine hurt her. She tried to think of a way to get at least one of her brothers, the sickly one, to come and be with her. She knew that her extended family was financially able to take in another child, and if she showed responsibility, there would be no problem (Wilson, 40). She found a vacant store, furnished it, and turned it into a school for children (Thinkquest, 5). At the age of seventeen, her grandmother sent her a correspondence, and requested her to come back to Boston with her brother (Thinkquest, 6). When she returned to Boston, she asked her grandmother if she could start another school in her grandmother’s dining room. After a bit of opposition, her grandmother agreed (Compton’s,... ...r. Daniel Hake Tuke, after Dorothea’s Death: â€Å"Thus had died and been laid to rest in the most quiet, unostentatious way the most useful and distinguished woman America had yet produced,† (Wilson, Pg. 342). This statement is also considered her epitaph (Thinkquest, 16). Bibliography: 1. Dorothea Dix: 2. Dorothea Dix: Biography 3. Mappen, Mare; Dorothea Dix & the State’s First Lunatic Asylum 4. National Women’s Hall of Fame: The Women of the Hall: Dorothea Dix 5. Naythons, Matthew, M.D.; The Face of Mercy: A Photographic History of Medicine at War† U.S. News&World Report, 10-11-93, pp.72-79 6. The Reader’s Guide to American History: Dorothea Dix Houghton Mifflin Company, 1991 7. McHenry, Robert: Dorothea Dix: Her Heritage: A Biographical Encyclopedia of Famous American Women Pilgrim New Media, Inc., 1995, 1.00 Ed. 8. Compton’s Encyclopedia: Dorothea Dix 9. Three Inspiring Women: Dorothea Dix 10. The Asylum Warden: Dorothea Dix 11. Dorothea Lynde Dix 12. Wilson, Dorothy Clarke: Stranger and Traveler Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1975

Trying to Create a Writing Technology :: Writing Writers Education Essays

Trying to Create a Writing Technology Creating a writing technology is a much more difficult task than I first anticipated. I thought it would be rather simple to create text within nature, but my first attempt failed miserably. I found something to act as the "paper" rather easily, but my problem was finding something that would act as the "ink" on my writing surface. I wanted to create something impressive that could be considered a new way to write. Trying to find something in nature, without the help of modern conveniences, was more of a chore than I first anticipated. I went from trying to carve with sharp rocks, to trying to create ink with flower petals and dandelions, to smashing beets and nothing seemed to work. We have lots of firewood in our backyard, so I just peeled the bark off a large log and used the inside portion of the bark as the writing surface. The tougher part was finding something to show up on that bark. On my first attempt, I created something similar to ink, made with beets, and used a slender twig from the garden to write on the bark. The "ink" was just smashed up beets. It was a pretty thick substance and colored red, so I thought it would show up nicely on the inside of the bark. I was wrong. I thought of beets because I know that's what people used to use to paint their barns red. As I wrote the words, it seemed to be working fine. I let it dry in the garage for about an hour and went back out to check on it, and to my surprise, all my words had totally disappeared. Instead of creating a writing technology, I created a new type of invisible ink. I went onto Plan B with my writing surface made up of the inside of tree bark in hand. I decided I needed something more discernible on the surface. Therefore, I created a sticky substance made by mixing together honey and water and then sprinkled sand over the top to help define the letters and make the words more readable. I administered the sticky substance on the bark with a slender twig and this seemed to work much better than the "beet ink." And to my pleasure, I went back an hour later and the text was still visible.

Russian Bureaucracy Essay -- Russian Government, Politics

The growth of the Russian bureaucracy from the Imperial to Soviet era is overwhelming. According to Alekinskii, in 1897, 435,000 civilians worked for the public bureaucratic sector. This means for every 292 members of the populous there would be one public servant plied for representation (Alekinskii, 178). By 1897, the bureaucracy in Russia was no older than sixty years. Prior to the 1830s state bureaucrats did not truly exist; shortly thereafter, seniority dictated which workers would progress upwards in the public institutions in which he or she worked (John Le Dunne). This could be interpreted as the first sign of the development of bureaucracy in Imperial Russia. Russian bureaucracy, at least in the Soviet and Imperial sense, does not mimic the traditionally accepted Weberian notion of bureaucracy and bureaucratic development. Some scholars feel Russia could be portrayed as the true birthplace of a pure bureaucratic system. In other countries, such as the United States or Norwa y, the bureaucracy gained power slowly in an already stable political and social environment. This is not the case in Russia. According to Hollander, a major difference in the Imperial and Soviet bureaucracies from prescribed Western norms surrounds politicization (Hollander, 305). The bureaucracy developed through class oppression and political upheaval over centuries. It can be said that a truly stable political and social environment in Russia is only about twenty years old; in spite of this, the Russian bureaucracy existed and thrived for centuries prior to the social awakening. How did Russia often express itself during times of censorship and control? Literature. Despite being written during the times of Tsars and Imperialists, works like Nik... ...overeignty.† The American Journal of International Law. Vol. 43: No. 1 (January, 1949). 21-36. Hollander, Paul. â€Å"Observations on Bureaucracy, Totalitarianism, and the Comparative Study of Communism.† Slavic Review. Vol. 26: No. 2 (June, 1967). 302-307. Lincoln, W. Bruce. The Great Reforms: Autocracy, Bureaucracy, and the Politics of Change in Imperial Russia. (DeKalb: N. Illinois University Press, 1990). Pinter, Walter M., â€Å"The Social Characteristics of the Early 19th Century Russian Bureaucracy.† Slavic Review. Vol. 29: No. 3 (September, 1970). Pipes, Richard. Ryavec, Karl W. Russian Bureaucracy: Power and Pathology. (Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2003). Ulam, Adam B. The Russian Political System. (New York: Random House Inc., 1975). Wade, Rex A. The Russian Revolution, 1917. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).

Enron Case

Which parts of the corporate governance system, internal and external, do you believe failed Enron the most? In the evaluation of the Enron’s case; by trying to see the very big picture, it is not only about that the internal part of the corporate governance system was failed or but also the external part of the corporate governance system was also failed. As noted on the last paragraph of the mini case, many people from different positions and different companies didn’t act responsibly and according to the generally accepted corporate governance rules.Internally; because of the head executives used the companies resources and the power that their positions provides them for their own interests without thinking on behalf of the stakeholders and shareholders, collapse of Enron’s corporate governance system affected not only Enron’s company but also all the other institutions which integrated to the Enron’s system. Externally, especially legal counsel and auditor company didn’t act ethically. To avoid losing the best and the most powerful customer, they swept all inappropriate practices under the carpet.Therefore we can think that, internal and external part of corporate finance act harmoniously in that case. In the event of the absence of any single actor would result in different consequences or to outbreak of the event much earlier than it did. 2. Describe how you think each of the individual stakeholders and components of the corporate governance system should have either prevented the problems at Enron or acted to resolve the problems before they reached crisis proportions? If we evaluate the Enron Case without going on deeply, we will surprise how such a giant corporation can break down in a very short time process.However, when we evaluate the case deeply, it is understood that the fall of Enron is the last part of a chain reaction which has been already started long time ago. Therefore, before reaching the crisis point, stakeholders or components of the corporate governance should have taken some measures. The radical changes by Enron’s managements can be evaluated as the first alarm of the bad end. For such big companies Board of Directors should have been controlling for same neutral authorities for the sake of stakeholders. This control mechanism is not just necessary for financial of accountancy issues.After the fall of Enron, the government brought the General Accepted Accounting Principles, Statements on Auditing Standard and Auditing Procedures. However, if these kind of preventive laws have been implemented before the fall of Enron and A. Anderson, result could be very different. In fact, auditor companies are the part of commercial mechanisms. Therefore it is very normal to expect them to act in favor of companies that they consult, if there are no control mechanisms over them as in the case of Enron. For this reason, US increase the pressure over these kinds of companies.Man agement is responsible of corporate governance applications to decrease fraud and irregularity and control the procedures. While the duty of internal auditor is to control the entity’s internal applications, the responsibilities and duties of external auditor are to make efficient audit planning, to audit based on audit planning work done and to make appropriate documentation which forms evidence in the documentation process. Another important point for the Enron case is that why the government allowed the Enron act as a monopoly in the US energy sector. After fall of Enron, the electricity couldn’t be delivered to the some parts of US.Obviously, supply control system has been disfunctional in this market as a result of inefficient political management. 3. If all publicly-traded firms in the United States are operating within the same basic corporate governance system as Enron, why would some people believe this was an isolated incident, and not an example of many fail ures to come? We cannot say â€Å"The Enron collapse is just an example of misleading financial reporting†. It may be said that it is the wrong combination of leadership, business evolution, market behaviors, and the ‘times’ all combined to create a monster.As it is known, Corporate Governance is the system used to direct and control a corporation. And it defines the rights and responsibilities of key corporate participants such as shareholders, the board of directors, officers and managers, and other stakeholders. The Enron Case is a breakdown of corporate governance in the most baroque of recent scandals where there were not only conflicts with standards for good corporate governance but also unusually extensive use of sophisticated techniques and transactions to manipulate the firm’s financial reports.During the same year’s with Enron Case, Parmalot and Worldcom cases also occurred, mainly because of the same reasons, and resulted in a same way. Therefore wrong combinations for the corporative governance may result in a same way. Corporative Governance has been argued too much after the Enron Case. However some people believe that Enron was an isolated incident and not an example of many failures to come according to above writings. The biggest factor behind this thinking can be related to that Enron is much bigger than other failed companies and was acted like a monopoly.That is to say, all of the case showed us that how some companies can bankrupt because of the wrong combination of leadership, business evolution, and market behaviors. We think the following citation would be helpful so as to cover the Enron Case a little more. On March 5, 2002, Kirk Hanson, executive director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics gave a speech on a newspaper: â€Å"Enron is a prominent example of a â€Å"new economy† company. Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling claimed that Enron was the most innovative company in the United Sta tes and at times tried to intimidate reporters or analysts who questioned their strategy.In the new economy, new kinds of companies have been created. Enron's collapse will encourage investors, analysts, reporters, and employees to ask â€Å"old economy† questions about these new economy companies: How does this company make money? Can it sustain this strategy over the long term? How do those who work in and with this company feel about it? The new economy has lost some of its appeal after the collapse of many dot. com companies and of Enron. †