Essay --

1. The development of the astrolabe was an important invention that helped measure altitude. Maps were also very important in determining location. The sailors understanding of wind patterns allowed them to determine route and the most prompt way to reach their destinations. The improvement of the Spanish and Portuguese caravel sailing ship allowed them to be quicker on their expeditions. Combined, these technical developments allowed transoceanic trade and travel to be possible. 2. The Ming dynasty, in 1644 was taken over by the Manchu Qing Dynasty. Hongwu was the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty in 1368, when he drove out the mongols he then brought back the sholar-gentry. The Chinese society began to be strict on education. They began giving the youth exam questions which was a reflection of what the Chinese values had become. 3. Columbian Exchange Intentional effects Unintentional effects Brought in domesticated animals Brought diseases Brought in crops Contaminated land Weeds Wild animals 4. Mining in Spain was the foundation of its power in the indies. Latin America was b...