Leadership and management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Leadership and management - Assignment ExampleThis particular report is based on a case study that involves a hospital make that has been encountering severe problems with regard to its management and leadership at each(prenominal) levels, thus affecting the overall performance and effectiveness of the organization. A change in the organizational structure and leadership has been proposed where I being the Learning & Development (L&D) manager, along with the selected HR Director, would determine the rival of the current structure on the tonic changes that argon being proposed, thereby trying to recommend measures to decrease the effects of much(prenominal) risks and impacts. Some of the major issues that are reflected from the case include the ineffectualness of the trusts leadership, management and hierarchical structure of organization, the nicety of divisive inward looking, as well as the ineffectiveness of the doctors and generalist managers to deal with budgets and per sonnel. The new changes would include increased engagement of the employees, improved customer services, reformation of forgiving resource management and development, and also focus more on the function of learning and development. 2. Impact of the gratuity Structure and Culture on the Changes Being Proposed The Need and Positive Effects of the Changes Considering the role of the leaders and the benignant resources (HR) managers, it is needed to be mentioned here that practices of HR within an organization determine to a large consequence the activities and measurement of performances and decide on the styles of leadership that need to be followed within the organization. With changes in the organizational structure, leadership, culture there are significant effects on the organization and its employees that are associated with the changes. For example, for existing employees, adaptation to new organizational structure, leadership, HR practices and new culture become difficult ( Searle and Skinner 2011). Downsizing and redundancy are two major issues occurring as a result that has been in the case of the hospital trust in concern. With different work experience, the efficiency of work by the existing employees is likely to be further unnatural (Searle and Skinner 2011). As far as codes of National Health Service (NHS) are concerned, it is essential that all personnel can act accountably for all their acts and performances. Honesty is a major factor that every employee should follow. Without such accountability, professional standards among the hospital trust cannot be achieved (Code of Conduct- Code of Accountability in the NHS n.d.). With the case of the hospital trust in concern, it can be realized that an inward-looking culture that prevails in the trust where doctors do not lift themselves being ineffective in dealing with budgets and people, thus not being accountable. In addition they consider the generalist managers as ineffective and look down to them. Such actions reflect very less chances of advance unless the behaviors of the members change. However, as the new team of HR and I, together plan for new recruitment, the problem that can bear is with the negative performances of those employees who stay. There is also

Argument essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Argument - Essay Examplescribes the preference accustomed by educational institutions to certain applicants on the basis of their familial relationship to alumni of that institution. There is a hanker history of legacy admissions at American universities and colleges. Ivy League institutions much(prenominal) as Yale, Harvard etc. atomic number 18 estimated to admit 10% to 15% of freshmen based upon this factor. (Lexington). Harvard actually has peculiar(a) levels of legacy preference, methodically and elaborately distorting its standards on behalf of its alumni. The family of middle-class alumni enjoys a modest edge the children of major donors receive double preference in the human face of admissions. (Daniel Golden)This fact is confirmed by national surveys conducted by American Association of College Registrars and Admission Officers building that legacy admissions are made at both public and private institutions. Also supporting are the statistics that show the percentag es of legacies in different colleges that are definitely more than than affirmative action admissions- Notre Dame 23%, Harvard 11%, University of Pennsylvania 14%, Princeton 11% and University of Virginia 11%. (Howell & Turner)Colleges should not give any preference to those who are more likely to have other socioeconomic advantages anyway, such as the children of alumni. Admissions should be made strictly on the ground of merit and exceptions should be made only on morally acceptable grounds such as talent and underprivileged class or race etc. A great theoretical account of the injustice of the legacy system is George W. Bush who was admitted at Yale in 1964 with an average grade of C and sit down verbal score of 566 just because he was a third generation legacy. How do you justify that?His admission and of those like him reduces the admission chances of meritous students who expend enormous effort in getting good grades or honing special talents this practice also uses up seat s reserved for affirmative action admissions of blacks and others. Affirmative action refers to

If Japan had not launched a full scale invasion of China in 1937, Essay

If Japan had non launched a full scale invasion of china in 1937, would the Nanjing government welcome survived and brought its sta - Essay good exampleHistorians have speculated how things would have been different for the Nanjing Government, had the Japanese not launched their onslaught in to the region. The substance of this prose bequeath experiment the strengths and weaknesses of the Nanjing government and whether or not it would have been successful in unifying and rebuilding China. From the year 1928 boulder clay 1937, the Kuomintang (KMT) was the dominant political ships company, but was readily losing their popularity amongst the people. They had come to power in China during a sentence when the rural was embroiled political and social turmoil following the success of the northern expedition in the year 1927 by the same party. They unified China under one banner but failed to substantiate the nation together. This unification move signified a time during which the KMT had the greatest potential to rebuild China (Cochran, 1983). The KMT party started off with the noble purpose of establishing democracy in the country and wished to educate the people in order to make them capable of self-governing. They started off with a profound ideology and wished to instil nationalist feelings within the masses and slowly began expanding their control, first from the north and then they worked their way down to the southern region. The ideology of the KMT was naturalised upon the beliefs of Sun Yat-Sen, but after his demise, Chiang Kai-Shek became the leader of the KMT and his policies later on decide the course of events that took place during the Nanjing ten and also indirectly led to the Japanese invasion of Nanjing (Sun Yat-Sen, 1953). The question whether or not the Nanjing government would have been successful in integrating the nation has a very straight forward answer to it, which will be discussed in the following parts of the prose. The greates t flaw of this entire expedition was the fact that it was do primarily by military force and the party lacked a strong ideology that would draw the versatile range of people living in the country and unite them on a single platform. KMT push did not introduce the relevant realm reforms that would protect the interests of the peasants and farmers, which naturally caused them to drawn in by the commie faction of the society. Reconstruction became even difficult as the schism between communism and republicanism intensified. It was not dear ideology that separated them, but the weakness of their political leader was also one of the crucial reasons that hindered the domain Building project. The KMT did work to improve upon the financial and education system of rules that had severely debilitated the country and were vastly successful in doing so. However, despite their many achievements, KMT lacked a certain amount of political acumen that left field them in a major predicament. They failed to launch a full-fledged democratic rule in the country and they further did not take any steps to enlighten the people about the democratic system of government. The people remained completely ignorant regarding the procedures of self-government and it was further speculated that the KMT wanted maintain their iron-clad control over the land and were not interested in democracy (Musgrove, 2000). One prime instance that supports the aforementioned statement occurred, when the KMT party established a tutelage government and extended it indefinitely beyond the 6 years that

Ethics and special need kids Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

ethical motive and special need nestlings - Research Proposal ExampleOn the other hand, the same case applies to the detection of African American teachers towards white students and the course is the same. According to Oates (2003), positive disposition of teachers towards students tends to yield good results on the performance of the students. However, in the history of the U.S, in that respect has been a notion that the African Americans have faculty member inferiority and that they lack diligence to perform. In another dimension, such notions have rendered the African Americans a low egotism esteem motive that makes them have a negative attitude about themselves in regard to their academic performance. Generally, although the African American students have equal opportunities in classroom in public schools, their performance is greatly affected by the context of their race and teachers perception (Oates, 2003). Conversely, the general place of African Americans in the Ameri can society also plays a critical role in explaining why the students cannot perform well in class. For instance, the perception that African Americans cannot secure good jobs in the U.S greatly affect their class performance because there is no guarantee that even after completing their studies they would get employed. Focusing on kids with special needs, it is probable that the issue of racial discrimination fuels. ... In this regard, the perception of teachers towards African American kids with special needs is that their pargonnts are incapable of taking care of the kids and that is why they are in their current conditions. For instance, a kid who cannot unfold three daily meals tends to lack capacity to contemplate what they are taught in class. Mostly, such a kid comes from African American families. In another dimension, the perception by teachers that African American kids cannot perform remediate than the white kids has also played a key role on the continued underperfor mance by the kids. In light of this, teachers tend to focus most of their attention to white kids. A study conducted by Neal, et al (2003), found out that white kids are accorded much attention that African American students. For instance, teachers concentrate on areas they did not understand more compared to when it is the African American kids that raise the issue of lack of contemplation. Dee (2006) pointed out that, teachers perceptions on an individual basis affect and influence academic performance via self-fulfilling beliefs and perceptual biases. In addition, if teachers are pleasant towards a trustworthy student, they provide them with more effective and favorable instructions. The same case applies to situations where pleasant students portray poor line settlement skills, teachers guide them in a way that easily encourage them to develop good solving skills. This is centrally to situations where unpleasant students portray the same skills, teachers put little effort to encourage or assort them. In fact, Gay (2002) postulated that performance of students is in the mind of the teacher. They tend to evaluate students performance based on their perception about the students. In light of this, it is

Tear the Curtain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

perpetrate the Curtain - Essay ExampleAlex is a Vancouver theater critic and is very passionate about his work. He firmly believes he found the legendary theater director Stanley Lee who directed the famous (or infamous) The forsake Space. Alex is strong in his conviction that Stanley Lee is the person who stinker destroy audience complacency, as he is not satisfied with the way the theater business is progressing.But what Alex is trying to do is not easy. He strives to prove something through Stanley Lee but himself reachs caught up between two mob families and the modify Space Society. The breakdown of Alex has a buildup revolving approximately Stanley Theatre. The two rival gangs be trying to take obtain of this theater and Alex gets caught up in the crossfire (Kaplan, 2012).Anagnorisis occurs in the play when Alex creates confusion among the audience about reality and truth. For a moment the audience gets puzzled if they are watching a play or is it happening in real life , or probably they too are the part of a play. This strange sense of humanity or the question of existence seeds catharsis in the audience.Although the plot of the play doesnt revolve around Rene Decartes philosophy of existence yet there are aspects in the play that leave a deep impact on the audience, the make them question their own existence. This conflict leads them to a catharsis, where they ask diligent question to their own self to confirm if they really exist in the audience or are they on s stage.But this form of questioning is overshadowed by the strong premise that they bought the tickets to the play and that dealt be a part of the play. They have their lives back at home, their own sense of existence. How can that be true that Alex is reading the script and the script itself reads he is reading it?It is there and then the audiences get wrinkles on their foreheads, some start scratching their chins, while some would look away from the stage to

Solutions regarding Google Glass privacy issues Research Paper

Solutions regarding Google Glass privateness issues - Research Paper manniking Privacy Issues in the Context of Google Glass draws on his over 10-year experience studying privacy and mobile computing to examine the negative sentiments that have afflicted Google Glass. He looks at the issue from the opinion of lessons learned about privacy from the ubiquitous computing project in the 1990s, as well as current expectations of privacy change. Yesenia Duran in Google Glass Finds Its Way into Law Enforcement discusses the use of Google Glass by equity enforcement and government agencies to increase situational aw arness. Ribeiro Furlan in Google Glass discusses the risks come ind to users of Google Glass with regards to hacking, which can make private data available to unauthorized plurality. Finally, Schreiber discusses the considerable challenges that Google Glass portends on existing privacy laws and paradigms, examining implications and solutions. From these articles, a question arises What be the solutions to Google Glass privacy issues? This paper will argue that Google Glass should seek to improve security by ensuring recording can only occur with the knowledge of people around the wearer, as well as ensuring that information collected through the device is secure from unauthorized access.Google Glass displays information in a smartphone-like hands-free format that can interact with the Internet via natural language voice commands (Duran 18). However, because of this, Google Glass wearable computers pose pertinent privacy questions that need to be addressed before Google can make them available on the market. To begin with, Google Glass threatens those not using it as they are always under surveillance. Most of these people will react to people wearing Google Glass as if they are recording them, even when they are not. In turn, this will threaten their ability to hold anonymous, candid, or private social interactions, increasing the likelihood of socia l venues banning its use. In addition, although the Google

Summry of any book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summry of any book - Essay interpreterThe reaping is a disillusioned period as it determines which boy and girl aged between 12 and 18 gets to serve the districts tribute during the Hunger Games. The tributes are individuals who come from all of the 12 districts and they confront each other in an arena where they must fight until there is only one stay tribute. The victor ultimately receives a valued gift and in this context, it is food. A shocking turn of events turns up when Prim is the choice at the reaping. However, Katniss volunteers to take up her place as she is too raw and she make a vow to protect her family at all costs. Another baffle comes in when a young boy, Peeta Mellark comes into the view of the reader as the other tribute. Katniss recalls that he had saved her by giving her bread and she matte up obliged as she now owed him her life and in contrast she was contemplating killing him in the games. Katniss bids her family and friends goodbye and sets verboten on t he train where they experience luxuries beyond their wildest imagination.The novel ends with the two characters from District 12 going floor as celebrated heroes. She knows that she pretended to love Peeta and this saved her from dying although her mind was instantly fixated on Gale. She is at a junction with her feelings as she is not certain who she truly loves, but must abide to the rules least(prenominal) Capitol take a large punishment on her for lying (Suzanne

Types of teachers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Types of teachers - Essay sampleThey are keen disciplinarians, and bequeath often keep the students on their toes at all times ensuring that they get along instructions to the letter. Furthermore, they hardly ever negotiate with students and often give orders in which they expect to be obeyed unreservedly. piano teachers are the opposite of the strict teachers they are open to negotiation and will listen and discuss issues with learners onward they give make a conclusion. Moreover, easygoing are patient with students for instance, if a student is late in submitting a paper, they will allow them extra time to work on it and not penalize them. They seldom punish students and only do it as a last resort, are quite lenient in issues pertaining to both discipline and academics and are likely to overlook minor errors to motivate the student.The final group is the curtail teacher such teachers combine both the lineaments of the authoritarian and easygoing teacher. They negotiate with students but will not hesitant to punish them if they find if fitting, they may allow students extra time to do assignments but will put conditions and will warn the stuns making them aware that they were irresponsible for not doing the work in time.Ultimately, any teacher uses the method he/she believe is best to educate their learners although the method chosen often has a lot to do with the teachers personal characteristics. However, the strict teacher model was more characteristic of teachers in the past, and today they are more likely to use a moderate method act to get the best out of both

Culture diversity in Chinese hospitality industry Essay

Culture miscellanea in Chinese cordial reception industry - Essay mannikinThe BRIC countries are seen as the most makeive business marts of these times. These countries consist of Brazil, Russia, India and china. Thus, this is also one of the reasons why hospitality industry is at the rise in the Chinese market at the moment. However, whether its a extraneous or local set-up, it is important that the hotels have a diverse workforce as cultural diversity makes it easier for them to cater to people from various backgrounds who visit the country.With 80 million travelers in 2012, China exceeded US and Germany in becoming the largest source of travellers in the world, depicting the trend of outgrowth of the market. That being said the Chinese market itself has been identified as the key markets for innovation where high end and middleclass hotels are expected to consolidate, budgeting options to become more innovative and sophisticated hospitality needs be catered to increasingly t hrough the expansion of international bondage to establish resorts and recreational arenas. The government of china has also highlighted tourism as one of the major growth sectors in its five years plans and facilitates foreign investment in the tourism sector by offer real estate discounts, tax exemptions and priority approvals for their set-up (Atkearney.com, 2013). With a focus on tourism, the country is bound to attract people belonging to diverse backgrounds from the world over.in order to cater to their needs on a fracture manner, it is important for the hospitality industry in China.

Parenting Tips Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Parenting Tips - Essay ExampleMost parents are still using traditional and superannuated parenting skills to raise their children. These skills have proved to be in impressive. For a parent to be salutary, there are a number of tips that he or she needs know. This paper, therefore, looks at good parenting tips and what makes a good parent. Good parenting tips An effective and very inherent tip for good parenting is showing love, not only for the children, but similarly among the parents. Children do perpetually feel better when they are brought up with parents who love each other. Parents should, therefore, work seriously on their love first so as to build a bod family. They should avoid engaging in activities such as dishonesty, alcoholism and domestic violence that might make them unhappy, stressed up and frazzled. It is meaning(a) for parents to know the fact that children do always copy several stuffs from their elders. Therefore, they need to be the outdo reference mo del for happiness and healthy adulthood (Swindol 94). Parents need to ensure that their marriage is strong enough to take aim the family together. Children need both parents for better suppuration. Therefore, marriage that experiences divorce and separation cases will negatively affect the development of children. In order to practice good parenting, it is essential for parents to put their marriage first before anything else. Parents privy strengthen their marriage by developing trust between themselves, being honest to one another, loving each other and being able to sacrifice for better development of family relationship (Swindol 150). Therefore, good parenting is close to having happy marriage that children will be pleased with and use the observed partnership as a model for their relationships in future. Another tip for good parenting is ensuring that quality time is given to children. Many parents do always believe that spending a lot of time with their children will inter fere with their development and yet make them docile (Sukh 17). Creating time for children is very essential for their development. Many parents who are working do always find it hard to create time for their children. Majority of these parents do believe that good parenting is about heavy(p) children a lot of cash, which is not true. Good parenting is about creating enough time for the children. No matter how hard the condition might be, parents should ensure that they create time for their children so as to give them their tender oversee and love. Sukh argues that the stronger the relationship among parents and their children, the better opportunities for effective parenting (18). Sukh highlights that children like being close to their parents and no excuses or any kind of explanation will convince them about the absence of their parents (19). Availability of parents makes children develop powerful sense of worth. It also makes children to understand that they are loved. Parent s availability makes children know how they are loved. The sense of being loved or treasured is very essential for childrens psychological development (Sukh 19). Therefore, as a good parenting tip, parents should try their best to always have quality time with their children. How to be a good Being a good parent put forward be attained in a number of ways. As a parent, it is essential to avoid criticizing children and instead, praise them always. Praising children normally makes them strong and confident in everything they involve in. Confidence can be developed among children by avoiding

Research Proposal- How Cheesecake Factory extend the overseas' market Proposal

- How Cheesecake pulverization extend the overseas merchandise in China - Research Proposal ExampleThis research proposal focuses on the process of vocation expansion adopted by American Bakery unfluctuating The Cheesecake Factory. The study will mainly spring on the overseas activities of The Cheesecake Factory in China and the aspects related to the business expansion process.The Cheesecake Factory was set up in the year 1975 by Oscar and Evelyn Overton. Initially, it began as a small shop in Detroit and was converted to a cheesecake supplier for the local restaurants (The Cheesecake Factory, 2014). Later on the business was shifted to Los Angles where the suppliers were the given the form of a restaurant 1978 by David Overton. This was the first Cheesecake Factory Restaurant. The initial strategy of The Cheesecake Factory Restaurants was to provide the customers with ultimate dining experience (The Cheesecake Factory, 2014). forthwith The Cheesecake Factory is operating wit h more than 175 restaurants out of which 165 are being operated under its aver brand, while 13 restaurants are being operated by Grand Lux Caf and one by The Rocksugar trash (The Cheesecake Factory, 2014). The international expansion process of The Cheesecake Factory began in the 2011 as they expanded into the Middle East by partnering with M.H. Alshaya Co in Kuwait (The Cheesecake Factory, 2014). This marked the beginning of a new business role for the firm as they started catering their services to the global consumers. In 2013, they extended to the Caribbean by opening a Cheesecake Factory Restaurant in Puerto Rico (The Cheesecake Factory, 2014). Recently, the company has started focusing on the Asian markets for enhancing the scope of growth and increase of the firm.The aim of the research is to assess the process of business operations by The Cheesecake Factory in the Chinese market. The study will reflect the various factors that influence the process

Introductin to Managment and Welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introductin to Managment and welfare - Essay ExampleThe jump encompasses three departments activities autobus, funding manager and volunteering manager. My role in the pop the question incorporates activities manager whereby I leave alone facilitate recreational and therapeutic activities for the elderly. The role of the funding manager is to adopt turn over models of funding the project, as well as managing and allocating finances to the projects activities. The volunteers manager, on the other hand, will be responsible for recruiting, coaching, organizing, encouraging, and entertaining volunteers. Project Objectives The elementary objective of this project is to mitigate feelings of social isolation among the elderly residents. Pursuing the comfort of the elderly is not farfetched as it reinforces their productivity within the society. The supplying of comprehensive leisure activities suited for the elderly is geared towards enabling them to remain active throughout the subsequently stages of their life. This is vital in curtailing seniors predisposition to isolation by actively engaging them into leisure activities. Similarly, the project is geared towards integrating the elderly into the society via group interactions and social functions. Ultimately, the project is directed at promoting healthy hold and reinforcing social networks among the elderly (Kunstler & Daly 2010, p.341). Roles and Responsibilities of Activities Manager One of the core mandates of activities manager is to encourage the elderly residents to suggest pleasurable leisure activities, which are then implemented. The involvement of the elderly into choice of activities is essential active involvement aid in maintaining an elevated mood state within the group. As activities manger, I will have to aline with agents such as social administrators in order to plan and implement programs geared towards enhancing the lifestyle of the elderly. In addition, I will also need to deve lop innovative activity programs and events for my clients as well grip abreast with the recent trends in recreational facilities. Recruitment of the Participants Recruiting the seniors into the envisaged physical and social spaces will not be an easy endeavor. To start with, we will approach the local community leaders to gather firm support for the project. Seeking support and endorsement by the local community groups and leaders enhances solid commitment from the community in terms of ongoing support principle, action, and finances. In the recruitment process, we will seek the indulgence of the local community through the use of events and a study so as spot the target audience. Since this project is a daycare facility for the elderly, the project targets older residents who have not yet been incorporated into the residential housing for the elderly, and who bear the blunt of increased levels of social isolation and depressed community involvement. The operation of the project is similar in many respects to other resident care facilities for the elderly. We are seeking to describe retirees, a maximum of 50, and have devised several ways in which to interact with them. The project is in its resident recruitment phase, which incorporates sourcing information from the social administrators within the community and inviting retirees to apply. We will also hold an open good afternoon

Nuclear Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Nuclear Energy - Essay Examplesolar expertness is the biggest source of energy. Electrical energy can be generated directly from solar energy by employing solar movie voltaic panels. Electrical energy can besides be produced by stress multiple beams of light at a point to generate electrical energy using the caloric energy produced by focused beams. Solar energy has the biggest potential among all the renewable sources of energy. A photo voltaic solar panel employs semiconductor material, which generate electricity when photons strike its surface. If there atomic number 18 solar panels on every home, the need of energy can be fulfilled (West 2011). A leading reservoir generates electrical baron by utilizing aerodynamic energy of the drift and converting it to electrical energy. When wind strikes the turbine blazes of a wind generator, it lapses the generator. An electrical power generator, if a permanent magnet type, rotates magnets around a coil in such(prenominal) a way, that the magnets cut the flux, thus generating electrical power. on that point a two common designs of a wind turbine horizontal axis wind turbine and vertical axis wind turbine. Both of the designs ar enough businesslike to generate electrical power even in a low wind conditions. Wind power holds the second biggest potential of energy. A hydro power plant captures the hydrodynamic energy of zip water and utilized it to generate electrical power. Dams are constructed as reservoirs of water, where water is collected from rivers and streams but mostly rivers. That water run through a number of turbines to collect hydrodynamic energy from water and convert it to robotic energy. The mechanical energy is then converted back to the electrical energy. There are many hydro power place all over the world and they are being in use for over more than 80 years (Renewable Energy World .com 2011). Tidal energy generator converts tidal energy to electrical energy. A tidal generator works on the principle of high tide and low tide. It has the same implement as that of a horizontal axis wind turbine but in tidal energy generator, turbines are submerged under the water to collect the energy from the low or high tide. These types of generators can also be utilized to collect energy from running water as in the rivers, streams and other running water sources. Large tidal units can be placed at shores and at the rivers. Geothermal energy can be captured from geothermal grounds. This type of energy is basically a thermal energy and a geothermal power plant acts as a thermal power plant, where water is converted into steam clean which then runs the turbine to generate electrical power. Long pipes are bored into the earth where geothermal grounds are present. Water is passed through these pipes, where it is heated by the thermal energy from the ground and converted into steam (West 2011). There are several geothermal grounds in the world and energy can be generated by emp loying these geothermal plants. Biomass energy can be extracted from biomass or from complete waste. Biomass is spoilified to produce a gas that can be burnt to generate electrical energy. These methods are not new, they are being utilized in many countries for many years. Biomass can be produced from raw wood, organic waste and other organic sources. Sometimes micro organisms are involved in the process to capture bio methane or bio gas from biomass. In this way the byproduct can be utilized as a fertilizer,

The dinosaur ridge in colorado Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The dinosaur ridge in cobalt - Assignment Exampleuseum where a road slices through a mountain where dinosaur footprints, bones and fossils of pre historic plants and insects atomic number 18 etched by nature into the scraped rock walls. There were a lot of foreign visitors and local families displace by the amazing sites, with kids hugging the giant footprints as if feeling the spirit of the pre historic beast. The guide is acuate to educate the visitors. According to him, some of the best known dinosaurs, diplodocus, stegosaurus, allosaurus, and Apatosaurus were discovered here in the posthumous 1800s. The main entrance of the museum has the fake models of these dinosaurs, which atomic number 18 just thrilling to observe.Though the museum is not as hulking as one expects after reading about it on the internet, the experience of having to ride on the white-haired rickety mini-bus, the well-versed tour guides and the touching of the bones and the dinosaur tracks on display mak es the tour amazing. The place has a great history as the guides made us discover. There is a mountain on the side whose rally looks like the surface of mars, which according to the guides is what the earth looked like back in the dinosaur days. It is gray, hard and crusty and encircled by the treasures of fossils that made the geologists and paleontologists to have the site designated as a natural landmark in holy order to preserve the fossils in 1989.The guides refer to the tracks as the dinosaur freeway. Though they do not reveal the details of the dinosaurs, they are the most popular and spectacular parts of the ridge. The mysterious faint prints, massive and three toes announce the terrestrial presence of the dinosaurs. In most cases, one will find children staring at the mother and pamper footprints perhaps wondering how big the dinosaur young ones could have been.According to the guides, the ridge also has interpretive signs at the trail locations, which explain local ge ology, trace fossils, paleo-ecology, a volcanic ash bed and how economically, coal, oil and carcass have developed

Assurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assurance - Essay Example4- a client representation letter is a written statement from a nonindependent source and therefore cannot be regarded as reliable evidence. For example, if there were a hidden information source that did shown to auditor, then it relay on the Winery at Chateau Americana.6 - As an audit committee, communication with the board of the directors would make to a greater extent sound audit reports, and it would lead the audit committee to express an opinion for better future planning.B - in that location are two pending litigation matters. The first is from a former employee who is seeking damages for injuries continue while employed by the company. The employee was injured as a result of the companys neglectful maintenance of the workplace safely equipment as required by the Occupational Safety. Also, there is an uncertain acquittance on contingency liability by $500,000, of which McKenna, Harmon & Jacobs did not give an opinion about the matter.122 A - Notes regarding incidental events affecting the current years financial statements could be affected by the report in pending litigation, restructuring of long-term debt and updating the new accounting firmFocus on spending bullion on outside growers because 75% of their usage of grapes is from external sources. As a suggestion, the winery should look for more third parties with higher quality and lower prices to reduce the 75%

Case Study for Canady vs Walmart Essay Example for Free

Case Study for Canady vs Walmart Essay1. In your own words, what does pretext opine?Pretext is a reason given in justification of a course of action that is non the real reason.2. lay aside a paragraph that supports the controversy that Canadys dismissal was based on racial discrimination.Canadys would say that his dismissal was based on racial discrimination beca call Smith a director introduced himself as a slave driver. Next Smith, ask Canady Whats up, my nigga? and was also referred to as a lawn jockey. He also claimed that Smith made states that all African American look alike, and that his strip color wiped off on towels. Since Canady did not report these comments when Smith made them Smith continued to use the phase from the Rush Hour movie. He could also believe that the day we was left in the part by himself that management was discriminating against him because he was left to do all the work with no help.3. Write a paragraph that supports that argument that Wal- Marts finale was based on Canadys insubordination.Wal-Marts decision was based on insubordination for one Canady was eating in an bea where there are policies in place that prohibits easting in the pabulum preparation area. When asked to stop eating in the prohibited area Canady started an argument with management. After the store manager was called to help with the situation Canady continued argue loudly in front line of customers and other associates. Candy did not follow the policy that does not allow employees to eat in the food preparation area and he was arguing with management in front of other was insubordination.4. Research the case. How did the courtyard rule? Why did they rule in this manner?The wrongful termination claim, that claim fails to make break a prima facie case in that Canady failed to establish the fourth prong (i.e. that there are points that permit an demonstration of discrimination). Alternatively, even if Canady made out a prima facie case, he fail ed to present sufficient evidence of pretext. The fact that Smith made racially offensive remarks is of no consequence because those remarks were made outside of the decision making process. The ruling on the hostile work environment claim, the Court found that Smiths comments are not sufficiently offensive to the actionable. The Circuit Judge Lay dissents.

Poetry Essay Example for Free

Poetry evidencePoetry is a form of literary art and procedures particular forms and conventions to suggest alternative meaning in the words and to evoke virtually emotional responses. There ar sound patterns in poetry which create further meaning, such as assonance, alliteration and onomatopoeia. These sound effects have a particular function in a poem. Poems often trifle heavy handling of imagery and word association to quickly perplex emotions. 1 Poetry is noble-minded from prose because atomic number 18 used some techniques such as rhyme, meter and repetition. The equal sounds can convey varied meanings and it depends on the context of a poem. Sound patterns can be also discovered in some announce slogans. In advertisement we have the freedom to change the natural monastic order of the language. It depends on the product and the target group of consumers. The advertising text has to capture the readers or listeners attention.Therefore the natural order of the l anguage is modified, shaped and stylized. One of the most frequently used devices in slogans, catchphrases and article titles is alliteration wear offt Live a Little, Live a Lotto 2 The advertising slogans are the most stiff means of drawing attention to one or more aspects of the product. In this text we can fill out an example of foregrounding. Deviation, which is a linguistic phenomenon, has an important psychological effect on readers (and hearers). If a part of a poem is deviant, it becomes especially notice able-bodied, or perceptually prominent. We call this psychological effect foregrounding. 3 Most of the generators use the sound of words in such a way that the readers attention is immediately engaged.The most car park mean which is involved by the writers is repetition. Our attention is captivated and we start analysing the reasons why the writers use it. We can cope play of sounds little/lotto. There is also alliteration- the repetition of l and t sounds. Alliterat ion matchs to tbe repetition of the same or similar consonants. /t/ is a voiceless, alveolar, plosive sound. It is produced without vibrations of the point-blank cords, by obstructing the airflow in the vocal tract. /l/ is a voiced, bilateral, retroflex and approximant sound.The vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation and the airstream flows over the both(prenominal) sides of the tongue. When poets construct a poem they care aboundingy choose words for their meanings, connotation and sounds. According to capital of Minnesota Simpson we make connections between, on the one hand, the physical properties of the sound represented within a text and, on the other, the non- linguistic phenomena situated outside a text to which these sounds relate4. The sound effects of the poetic text are basic to the interpretation of poetry.When a relationship between sound and meaning is obvious, then it can beef up the significance of a word for speaker and hearer. The way people sound th eir language can, certainly, be an singularity of their individual or cultural individualizedities Speakers of a different language, from a different culture, might associate different implications with such sounds. 5 The most critics are interested in the form of the poem and its meaning, and the poets message. According to Paul Fussell Poetic forms are like that they tend to say things even if words are not at the moment fitted to their patterns.As Louis MacNeice has said, In any poets poem the shape is half the meaning. . 6 Poetic forms refer to different sets of rules followed by poems. The rules describe such ascpects as the meter or calendar method of birth control of the poem, the rhyme fascinate or the use of alliteration. One of the basic ways in which poetry can be distinguished from prose is the possession of metre. Some critics maintain the idea that the rhythm and metre are the same thing. The difference between both is in the way in which they relate to the whole.T he metre is an extra layer of rhythmic structuring. 7 The rhythm is the apprehension of a series of events as a regularly repeated pulse of energy, an experience which has a muscular as well as a mental dimension. 8 The following lines aim to discuss the relationship between sound patterns, their function and their contribution towards the meaning a certain poem generates. aid will be paid to the poem My Last Duchess, written by Robert Browning. He was an English poet and playwright whose verses of spectacular monologues made him one of the most renowned Victorian poets today.The poem is anthologised as an example of the salient monologue, in which an identified character, or person, is the sole speaker that is, the voice in the poem is playing a role as in drama. 9 The structure and the style of this poem play a meaningful role. It contains three formal elements an occasion, a speaker, and a hearer. The words in dramatic monologues not only convey setting and follow out but also reveal the speakers character. The comments which he makes reveal knowledge about his personality and psyche, knowingly or unknowingly.The main focus of a dramatic monologue is the personal information, not the topic which the speaker happens to be discussing. We can see the personality of both poet and speaker in dramatic monologue, and can be aware of them operating as a reflex in the elements of action which is constant picture and vice versa. 10 Browning defined the poem as a dramatic lyric. It is dramatic because there is an actor in it and performs a scene. However, at the same time it cant be said that it is a typical lyric poem. The poem appears as one half of a conversation. He is not speaking his thoughts aloud to himself while he is alone.In general poems are written with the full body of words and have their own meaning. Meaning is something the reader intuits through the distorting influence of form, something the writer may choose, but does not necessarily contro l. 11 The goal of Browning is to illustrate a scene. There is a relation between sounds and meanings, the reality which language may represent. In his piece of work Robert Browning uses more techniques enjambment, a simple rhyme scheme and caesura to convey various characteristics and qualities about the speaker and the situation.Mick pithy claims that The basic idea was that poems should enact what they described the sound must seem an echo to the sense (Alexander Pope, An Essay on Criticism, line 365). Musicality revolves around phonetic and rhythmic effects in particular, and it is then necessary to be able to do metrical analysis in order to be able to explain important effects in many poems. 12 My last Duchess is written in iambic pentameter in order to imitate natural speech so that the poet is not confused with the persona. Brownings endeavor is to imitate natural speech could be to distance himself from the Duke, who is the speaker in the poem.

Policies issues Essay Example for Free

Policies issues EssayBy watching the video for this assignment I agree that these nestlingren are getting abuse and by the environs they come from they will grow up and may follow the steps of their parents. The mother had put a restraining order on the boyfriend. Until she had to call the police cause he kept coming to her house. Her small tidings was scare and child protector services (CPS) had to get on involve and replace him in a foster home. There are different factors. Some kids are taking drugs because they grew up around their parents or friends doing drugs. There some kids that physical abuse is involve in the family. In the video also addresses insurance policy implications or recommendations of the crime. Its also a personal crime. The abuse come from the family itself or someone cognise by the family. I believe that the abuse effects all young kids.These abuse kids will doom depression, anti-social, anger, rebellious, and will lead them to take drugs. Before i ts misinterpreted wrong it is very important to understand the various kinds of child abuse that does occur. Child abuse is not just rigorously a bodily problem, but it is more(prenominal) than just that. This is what child abuse is physical violence, verbal abuse, emotional, rape and psychological torment, sexual molestation, and abandonment. It important to reveal the background of these crimes and see if there is a pattern that were the abuse is coming from.Child abuse is an unexplained subject to so many people like the courts and child protective service. There is a some children that are found murdered every day from child abuse and nearly millions reports are do every year.REFERENCESwww.futureunlimited.org/pdf/DVintervention.pdfhttps//www.ncjrs.gov/works/wholedoc.htm

Oil Extraction Essay Example for Free

Oil Extraction tryWhen extracting lipids or fats from foods, both the method as well as the solvents chosen to perform a complete, or close to complete ancestry are important. If these two elements are not taken into consideration, the descent may not be complete, or the extract may contain a orotund quantity of unsought impurities. The natural fats and oil are mixtures of glycerides of fatty acids. Fats and oils are naturally occurring essential compounds which belong to a large group of water insoluble substances called lipids. Lipids are relatively non- paired molecules, they can be pulled out of a essay using relatively non-polar solvents. With a non-polar solvent, only non-polar molecules in the sample dissolve while polar ones do not. A solution to the problem of extracting trapped lipids is to use an extraction procedure such as the soxhlet that go forth help break up the polar barriers and allow the solvent to reach the non-polar compounds and extract them.In t his experiment, soxhlet extraction was used. Soxhlet extraction is an extraction method that uses chemical solvents. Oils from the algae are extracted through repeated washing, or percolation, with an organic solvent such as hexane or petroleum divinyl ether, under reflux in a surplus glassware. Copra, dried kernel of the coconut, was the sample used. Often though, the sample must be ground and prepared front to the extraction procedure in order to break up the cell membranes and other structures that would make extraction difficult. In this experiment, petroleum ether was used as the solvent due to its low boiling point, relatively non-toxic nature (when compared to chloroform or methanol), and of course because it is quite non-polar.When talking about ether, two kinds can be used in lipid extraction anhydrous diethyl ether CH3CH2OCH2CH3 and petroleum ether, which is a mixture of pentane (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3) and hexane (CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3). oil color ether is more non-polar, cheap er and less flammable than diethyl ether. Due to its greater non-polarity, petroleum ether will turn back a more specific extract than diethyl ether because it will only extract the most polar molecules. However, as petroleum ether may not be able to break apart close to of the more polar shells surrounding some lipids and give a near complete lipid extraction, diethyl ether is usually used despite its higher flammability and cost.

Gregor and Meursault heroic Essay Example for Free

Gregor and Meursault gunic EssayThe prosecuting attorney who is leafing through a file ask Marie bluntly when Meursault and Maries liaison begun. She mentions the date. The prosecutor remarks apatheticly that it appears to be the twenty-four hour period after mothers stopping point11. We assume that Meursault experiences compositiony stimulating physical sensations when Marie comes back to his place12 that day. Many spectators may view Meursault as a person who is indifferent to everything, in actuality, he is very in tune with his physical feelings and has a specific moral code in which he lives by. His physical sensations are the result of his actions. An example is when he kills the Arab the heat from the sun causes him to pull the trigger of the gun. All I could feel were the cymbals the sun was clashing against my forehand the sea swept ashore a great breath of fire. My whole being went tense and I tightened my grip on the gun. The trigger gave 13 Even though Meursau lt kills the Arab, he is still a hero because the reader is always made aware of the reason of his choice. He is a man who believes in unless telling the complete truth.He does not match his words and feelings to simply meet the expectations of others. Meursault is so utmost removed from the typical human conditions of life that he has his own system in which he set and abides by. Every humans action becomes justifiable when the person is able to wholly understand them this is what Meursault is able to do. He sees no reason to accept that he feels guilty for killing the Arab in court or pretend to grieve for his dead mother, because in his world, he does not need a reason to justify his actions.He is condemned to death merely because the world does not understand him. As a result, we sympathize for him and recognize him as a tragic hero. Although we might assume that Meursault is indifferent to his own death, he accepts it because he knows that in the end, everyone dies. His do wncast insistence on telling the absolute truth is the reason that he is condemned to death, and is what he dies representing. He dies as a hero by rebelling against the order of society.Thus in the end, Meursault realizes his victory and states his last wish For the last-place consummation and for me to feel less lonely, my last wish was that there should be a crowd of spectators at my execution and that they should greet me with cries of hatred. 14 He hopes that his death would make the people who he lives among angry at him, for rejecting the rules by which they themselves have to obey. Camus integrates his idea of heroism in The Outsider through Meursault, where the hero is a man who is relentless in giving up his way of life to satisfy others even if it means destruction for it.The two protagonists, Gregor and Meursault, become heroes through peoples belief that they are indifferent. The perception that they are indifferent is only base on peoples ideas of what is considered acceptable behavior and emotional response towards a certain events. Gregor did not die from spiritlessness to life, but as an act of sacrifice that would allow his family to continue with their lives happily. Both his deaths are essential to renew the spirits of the Samsa family, his willingness to place his family ahead of himself makes him a hero.Meursault, on the other hand, is a tragic hero condemned to death because no one understands his values. Peoples acuity on the traits of the protagonists in The Metamorphosis and The Outsiders make them valiant. Jane Kwong English A1 HL June 2003 rule book Count 1487 World Literature Assignment 1 Perceived Indifference of Gregor and Mersault, in The Metamorphosis and The Outsider, makes them heroic. 1 The American Heritage(r) Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition hero 2 The American Heritage(r) Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition indifferent3 The American Heritage(r) Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition indifferent 4 Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka. A Bantam Classic. pg. 17 5 Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka. A Bantam Classic. pg. 54 6 Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka. A Bantam Classic. pg. 52 7 Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka. A Bantam Classic. pg. 54 8 Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka. A Bantam Classic. pg. 58 9 The Outsider, Albert Camus. Penguin. pg. 1 10 The Outsider, Albert Camus. Penguin. pg. 21 11 The Outsider, Albert Camus. Penguin. pg. 90 12 The Outsider, Albert Camus. Penguin. pg. 24 13 The Outsider, Albert Camus. Penguin. pg. 60 14 The Outsider, Albert Camus. Penguin. pg. 117.

Request for Sponsorship Essay Example for Free

Request for Sponsorship EssayAlcaraz Group Sales Manager-Area 1 boast Direct Sales Division Splash Corporation Highest Fraternal Greetings As a part of our desirous campaign in bringing forth excellence from both individual and celebrating the freedom of thought and self-expression of every people, we, the Kappa Sigma Kappa Delta Sigma Confraternity, a duly recognized confraternity in the University of the Philippines, will be holding our annual HIMIGSIKAN on twenty-sixth of February 2013, 7pm, at Meanwhile Bar, Balibago Angeles City.HIMIGSIKAN, our confraternitys major event, is the much-awaited student-oriented musical affair not only for UP students but for the youth and all music lovers as well that highlights a coveted acoustic carrying out competition from different student organizations in our university. This years theme shall be Sarap at Pait ng Pagsasama, Ilalahad sa Awit ng Barkada In line with this, we are cordially asking for your assistance for the success of our events endeavor. Rest assured all solicitations will only be used to enhance and to further modify our plans for the event.We are looking forward to you for being a part in this fervent cause. We are hoping to chance on from you soon. May Gods richest blessings be unto you Sincerely Yours, Teddy Calilung heroical Lord Sigman Kenn Carlov Twano Sigman passe-partout scrivener pic pic University of the Philippines Extension program in Pampanga Claro M. RectoHighway, CSEZ,Pampanga Co. reg. no. CN200618309 Co. TIN 006-532-105 www. kappasigmafraternity. net emailprotected comKAPPA SIGMA-KAPPA DELTA SIGMA CONFRATERNITY VDFGCOSFGCONFRATERNITYCONFRATERNITY Council of Masters and Lady Sigmans A. Y 2012-2013 Grand Lord Sigman Teddy Calilung Deputy Grand Lady Sigman Jessa Claire Pangilinan Sigman Master of Initiation Michael John Aguas Sigman Lady of Rites Ila Bernice Malenab Sigman Master Scribe Kenn CarlovTwano Sigman Lady Master of Scroll Monica Del Puerto Sigman Lady Master Bursars Jhoane Capili Janne Kazel Punzalan Sigman Lady Master Herald Analyn Pineda Prof. genus Penelope Nalo Faculty Adviser

Alexander the Great Essay Example for Free

black lov suppurate the Great EssayHe was the don of black lovage the Great, Philip III and possibly Ptolemy I, the fo on a lower floor of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt. *Hephaestion son of Amyntor, was a Macedonian overlord and a general in the army of horse parsley the Great. He was by far the de best of all the kings friends. *Darius III was the last king of the Achaemenid empire of Persia from 336 BC to 330 BC. He was deposed during horse parsley the Greats conquest. *Roxana was a Bactrian noble and a wife of black lovage the Great. Ptolemy I Soter was a Macedonian general under horse parsley the Great who became regulation of Egypt *Aristotle was a Hellenic philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. *Craterus was a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great and unmatched of the Diadochi. *Parmenion was a Macedonian general in the service of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great *Philotas was the eldest son of Parmenion, A lexanders most experienced and talented general. Plot ..The aim is establish on the biography of Alexander the Great, the King of Macedon, the first Macedonian Emperor who conquered Asia Minor, Persia and eventually old-fashioned India. It provides a glimpse into some of the key moments of Alexanders youth, and his invasion of the mighty Persian Empire, until his death. It also outlined his earlier life, including his difficult relationship with his father, Philip II of Macedonia, the conquering of the Greek city-states under the League of Corinth, and the conquest of the Persian Empire in 331 BC.It also details his new plans to reform his empire, and the attempts made to reach the end of the world. The storyline begins in 356 BC with Ptolemy I Soter, who narrates the story throughout the motion-picture figure. In lavish sets and images Stone shows his vision of Alexanders fooling life in the court of his father, Philip, and portraying the strained relationship between his pa rents. Alexander grows up with his have Olympias and his tutor Aristotle, where he finds interest in enjoy, honour, music, exploration, poetry and military combat.Late on, his relationship with his father is undo when Philip marries Attalus niece, Eurydice. There later on Philip is assassinated and Alexander becomes king of Macedonia and the rest of Greece. After a brief mentioning of his punitive level of Thebes and burning of Persepolis, Ptolemy gives an overview of Alexanders west Persian campaign, including his declaration to be the son of Zeus by the illusionist of Amun at Siwa Oasis, his great battle against the Persian Emperor Darius III in the Battle of Gaugamela, and his eight-year campaign at Hydaspes against Porus in modern day Pakistan), both of which are shown in the cinema.The plot also illustrates Alexanders common soldier relationship with his childhood friend, Hephaistion, and later his wife Roxanna until his death. Before succumbing to an unknown illness or poison (it is neer revealed which and both are suggested) Alexander distanced himself from his wife Roxanna despite her cosmos pregnant, believing she has killed his childhood friend Hephaistion. The film accurately places Hephaistion in a far cultivationr position than his first wife Roxanna. It is suggested in the film that Alexander died in incision due to the loss of Hephaistion, which occurred slight than three months earlier.Early in the film Hephaistion compares Alexander to Achilles, to which Alexander replies that if he is Achilles because Hephaistion is his Patroclus (Achilles cousin and supposed lover). Hephaistion mentions that Patroclus died first and then Alexander pledges that if he should die, he would follow him into the after(prenominal)life. A promise Ptolemy himself says Alexander apparently kept when he died shortly after Hephaistion. In the film after conquering Babylon Alexander admits that Hephaistion is the only person he loves. (no one jackpot affi rm up that Alexander was homosexual).During the film Hephaistion shows extensive jealousy when seeing Alexander with Roxanna and deep trouble when Alexander marries her, going so far as to attempt keeping her away from Alexander after the former polish off an old friend in India. The film also focuses intensively on the close and warped relationship Alexander shared with his mother Olympias. Summary .. Alexander was born in Macedonia in 356 BC. His father, King Philip II of Macedonia, hired the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle to tutor young Alexander. In the summer of 336 BC, Philip was murdered by one of his bodyguards.Alexander then became king. Many flock in Macedonia plotted against the young king, however Alexander was shrewd. He quickly ordered the execution of all the conspirators. At the same time, some Greek cities ruled by Macedonia rebelled and others threatened to seek independence. Alexander crushed the rebellions and restored Macedonian rule. Next, in 334 BC, Al exander glum his attention toward the Persian Empire (now Iran) in southeasternwest Asia. Alexander led Macedonian and Greek soldiers to bang Darius III, Persias king. Their armies met at Issus in Syria in 333 BC, and fought a fierce battle.Alexander won, and Darius fled. Alexander then led his soldiers south, into Egypt. Alexander seized power from the pharaoh, who ruled Egypt on behalf of the Persians. The grateful Egyptians saw Alexander as a person who freed them, and they crowned him pharaoh. At the mouth of the Nile River in northern Egypt, Alexander founded a new city. He named the city Alexandria, and it became a famous center of learning In 331 BC, Alexander led his troops back north into Persia. King Darius was eager for revenge. Alexander and Darius fought another great battle, this time at Gaugamela.Once again, Alexander won. The battle at Gaugamela ended centuries of Persian rule in Asia. Alexander then dark south and conquered other important Persian cities. At Per sepolis, he burned down Dariuss palace to show he had conquered the Persian Empire. In 330 BC, Alexander went north to find Darius again. This time, Darius was killed by his own men as he fled. Alexander was a military mentality and a great explorer. But he also had a grand ambition. He wanted to rule a world empire where people could zippy in peace with one another.From 330 to 327 BC, Alexander led his soldiers east, through Afghanistan and into Central Asia. As he travelled, he built more cities. He recruited soldiers, merchants, and scholars from many lands to settle there. In 326 BC, Alexander turned south, into India. But by then his men were tired and weak. They were far from home in an unknown land. The soldiers rebelled and refused to go farther. Reluctantly, Alexander turned back. By 323 BC, he reached Babylon in Iraq. While there he caught a fever and died at the age of 33. His empire was shared among his generals. Moral / LessonO The first moral / lesson in this film i s to never ideate of becoming as omnipotent as God because He is the only one no one compared with Him. Secondly is power is the counterpart of jealousy. Comprehension Questions .. 1. )What characteristics of Alexander in his young age is being portrayed in the film? Did these characteristics still evident in his adult life? How? O Even Alexander was only a child, you can clearly see his unique characteristics specially his braveness and genuine in equipment casualty of battle. O Yes He conquered half the globe because of his intelligent plans, braveness and his greatness in terms of ruling. . )How did Olympias influenced Alexander? OOlympias influenced Alexander by supporting him to his decisions and teaching Alexander the values of being a child, a man, and also a warrior. 3. )Did Philip have a good relationship with his son? Support your answer. O At first Yes, because they are close to each other(a father and son relationship). Later on, his relationship with his father was destroyed when Philip married Euridice. And in the last part of Philips life, Alexander accepted what happened and their early relationship came back. 4. Enumerate all the lands being conquered by Alexander. O Alexander conquered Asia Minor, Persia and eventually Ancient India. 5. )Did the wife of Alexander became an asset or obligation to him? How? O No, Hepastion was the only person loved by Alexander. And Roxana(his wife) was just standardised an ordinary person to him. 6. )How was the long empire of Alexander divided? O After Alexander died, the vast empire he conquered including Macedonia were divided to his four generals. 7. )In the film, the eagle soars high over the vast army of Alexander during one of his conquest.What does the eagle act in lieu with Alexanders characteristics as a man, a deporter, and a warrior? OAlexander as a man is great compared to an eagle flying in the air. An eagle when flying covers a large part of land by its shadow likewise to Alexanders gen ius leadership. Even Alexander is only one he can rule properly and control his vast army and lead it to victory. 8. )One of the themes or universal truth of the film is The thirst for power and its consequences. In not less than 400 words explain the say theme.O For me the theme or universal truth in the film, The thirst of for power and its consequences means that having a power is having a responsibilities. Just like the sayings in Superman great powers come great responsibilities which means If you got power expect that there are consequences like protecting people, beating bad guys, and preserving peace. Similar in the film Alexander, we know that Alexander was very powerful at that time that the other people consider him as a God. But as he got this power he must face the risk. One is he must protect his army any(prenominal) happens.Also as a king he must do his best to achieve peace, prosperity, and love in his land. And the main problem or consequence on having superiority is jealousy. Many powerful people died not in battle but because of jealousy of others to their power. Examples are Alexander the great and Julius Caesar. Although the death of Alexander is unknown if due to illness or poison. Some historians thought that its poison that killed Alexander. The suspects are his generals and other officials. It is said that his men are so jealous to Alexander due to his success and supreme power.So they tumesce-tried to kill him by adding poison to his wine when they are in Macedonia after the battle in Ancient India. Alexander died and his vast empire were divided to his generals. Same as Julius Caesar, he was also a genius in conquering lands as Alexander. Caesar had an absolute power in his time and also because of that power ambition against him grew. Some denounced him as a tyrant, while others were jealous of his popularity. On March 15, 44 Before general Era, he was stabbed to death. I knew that having a power is awesome and great but too m uch of it may lead to disaster.A taste of it is enough because as your power increases the risk increases too as well as your enemy. And sadly even the one you trust and love can lie and sell your companionship to get only your power. Once I read a book about power, and it stated that no one can ever have an absolute powers because all these powers belong to God. And also thres no one can compare to Him. Thats all. And thats my own explanation to the atatement The thirst for power and its consequences. I hope you understand what I am trying to say or point out. Hehe . again thanks for reading. God bless.

How Effectively the Barnardos Website Presents its Campaign to Prevent Child Poverty Essay Example for Free

How Effectively the Barnardos Website Presents its Campaign to Prevent Child Poverty Essay* The layout of material* The way in which language is manipulated* The effect on the intended audienceIn this essay I go out analyse how the delectation of graphics, language, lay-out and links in this sack upsite ar effective in raising lots consciousness so that Barnardos john aid to s cash in ones chips and prevent peasant poverty. Barnardos deals with many situations and projects such as twenty-four hours care and play schemes, after school clubs, advice and counselling for parents and parenting education. There are over three blow of these projects, run by Barnardos, around the UK. In this website, Barnardos are appealing to a younger audience. In the text edition it tells us that they excite launched an e-card contract asking 1 million children and young wad to respond. I recall this is a good idea because most of the young people are on the Internet right off as opp osed to the older generation. The other aspect of the article that appeals to young people is the position that it is associate to people of the similar age groups and the case study can be united to to a greater extent slow by younger people as it is about a young mortal. Although it is aimed at younger people it is going to get passed on to the adults anyway by asking for military service on the Internet, telling a teacher as part of a school project. The idea of having this campaign on the Internet is more(prenominal) appealing as more people would locution on the Internet for a campaign rather of calling in to a store and picking up a leaflet.In this campaign, Barnardos use pictures to see and persuade us to help. They persuade us by making us tincture sympathetic towards the children, which will make us sine qua non to help the children. They do this by showing us pictures that we can relate to, pictures such as school halls and corridors, outer doors and swing par ks. They show us these pictures because these are places that would be associate to children. But the difference, however, is that they show them as being derelict and vandalised. The other topic they use is dull colours, which makes the pictures look sad, lonely and similarly evil. By making them derelict and dull they make us think that the victims savour sad and lonely because that is the emotion the pictures give across and because of these emotions we feel entitled to help change their lives. The position, on the page, of the pictures also makes us feel different about helping the campaign. The photographs are fit(p) in the condense of the page and the text is surrounding them. This means that you cannot read the text without looking at the pictures and the emotion in the text with the emotion in the pictures makes it appeal more to us and makes us feeling even more obliged to help the children.At the top of each page Barnardos have placed their logo and slogan. It is p laced at the top left-hand corner of each page and I think this is effective because people would look there first. The logo is a picture of what looks wish well two adults with a child and they look quite cheery which makes you think that the lives of children who are victims of child poverty will end up like that if they get the help from Barnardos and the nation-wide public. The slogan underneath this backs it up, it says Giving Children Back Their Future, which is what Barnardos are afflicting to do with this campaign. The slogan and logo are effective, when presented in this way, because they make you feel like you can trust Barnardos to give them a let out future.Throughout the website, Barnardos keep mentioning the other facilities they operate, which reinforces its stability and reliability. On the first page it leans on the fact that it is safe and offers a safe environment, safe and stimulating place to play. The charity does this to show their audience that they are r eliable and determined about stopping and preventing child poverty and about getting all the help they can with the campaign. You see can that they always are looking towards the future of the children.The case study that is include supports this. The case study is a human appeal about someone who was a victim of child poverty and the conclusion of the study tells us how Barnardos helped and how the boy is going to change his own life and liberate everything around. People can relate to a case study like this because they want a better world and their instincts make them feel sorry for the boy and make them want to help others like him. The other techniques they use are the emotive phrases in the case study. They use phrases such as neither of the adults had some(prenominal) time for Michael and they tell us the boy had no sense of stability. These phrases are quite harsh and can make you think twice about not wanting to help, especially to an older audience because they wouldnt w ant their children growing up like that.The links on the web page are very take and helpful, they use FAQs (frequently asked questions) such as who we are and what we do. These sorts of phrases are also use as headings at the top of each page. The links also include a support us heading which you could take as a plea or cry out for help. The contact us link means that if you have any additional questions or fill help with anything you can contact them easily and even help them more if they need it. The sort of support and help they want is for young people to send an e-card which is also a link at the concluding page. Because it is set out in this format means you dont need to give any money and it means you have no way out of it because it is eye-catching and you would feel obliged to help because it is any easy thing to do. When people start to read about the campaign they might think they will have to give money just now it appeals to the reader because it doesnt involve an bad lot to change someones life.The language in the campaign is very simple and plain in the text. They dont use a large variety of vocabularies so that younger people can understand it better because it isnt problematical or challenging. The text has a lot of emotive language such as, inescapable aspect and lacks topical anesthetic amenities. The word you is used, in the context You can be a force for change, which makes you think that they are public lecture directly to you and makes you feel that the childrens lives are dependant on you. In the section headed the facts bullet points are used which makes the text a lot easier to read and you think that you are yarn very little but you actually take in a lot of information.I think that the idea of a web page is very effective because I know that I would prefer reading something of the Internet than reading a leaflet on a campaign. The most effective technique, I think, is the case study because I thought it was very moving and after I read it I could slightly relate to it because the person seemed to be about the same age as me and obviously wanted to change his life around. What Barnardos did to try and change that boys life was spectacular. After I finished I sent an e-card because I was persuaded into doing the right thing which was the whole point of the campaign.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn Es evidenceThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is absolutely relating a message to readers nigh the ills of slavery yet this is a complex matter. On one hand, the only real good and reliable character who is necessitous of the hypocritical nature that other whit characters ar plagued with is Jim who, according to the institution of slavery, is subhuman. Thus, one has to wonder about the presence of satire in Huck Finn. Furthermore, Mark Twain wrote Huck Finn after slavery was make illegal and his choice to set this story in a pre-civil war time when slaves were still held is significant. What truly makes the thesis state handst about race and slavery in Huck Finn complex is is that at that place are several traces of some degree of racism in the novel, including the use of the N word. By using the word, the ledger portrays the atmosphere of the south and slavery at that time. David Bradley, a Mark Twain expert featured in Born to Tro uble The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, says that, The N was a word used during that time to call black people. It was a common word (Born to Trouble).Apart from this, when Aunt Sally hears about an explosion and she asks Huck if anybody was hurt, he responds by saying Nom, Killed a slave(Peter Salwen). These few lines of dialogue say all there is to say about how blacks were viewed at that time that they are nobody, less than human, with lives that are of little or no value to anyone. The racist attitudes of the south are most evident in the character of Huck Salas 2 Finn himself and how he relates to the runa path slave, Jim. Huck is nonhing but a product of his environment and upbringing.Although he reflects the rigorousness and injustice of the south towards blacks, he is totally unaware that this is the wrong attitude to take (Fiskin). At front when Huck is unsure how to deal with Jim, he displays attitudes that are a reflection of his times. He plays tricks on Jim and entr aps him in a dialogue that makes the latter(prenominal) appear especially foolish, or perhaps, to make Jim painfully aware of his admit lowlyity. The trick the weighed most heavily on both Huck and Jim is when, after having disappeared from the raft, Huck pretends to acquit been there all along.The worried Jim insists that he believed Huck had almost drowned, but Huck plays Jim for a fool, tricking him into believing that he had only been dreaming (Twain 186). Jim, in turn, is made to appear as the Negro stereotype of the times a backward buffoon with his slave dialect and many superstitions (Gregory). It is only much later on that he takes on a more human face as we discover his admirable character, particularly his feral loyalty to his friend Huck (Born to Trouble).Huck also reflects the white Souths belief that blacks were vastly inferior. In the conversation about King Solomon and the Frenchmen in Chapter 14, Huck ends the conversation by saying to himself I see it warnt an y use wasting words you cant light upon a n to argue. So I quit (Twain 104). Seemingly frustrated with the turn of the conversation, Huck ends up being dismissive of the black mans intellectual capacity, his ability to learn, see reason or think rationally.Again, this points to the white Souths inherent belief that the black man is inferior. Salas 3 primal on this relationship, Huck is also prone to saying things that further show how deeply racist attitudes have been ingrained in him. After the trick he plays on Jim, he is reluctant to apologize to psyche society dictates is far beneath him it was fifteen minutes before I could work myself to go and low-spirited myself to a slave (Twain 107). Jim must also accept the fact that as a black, he is inferior to whites in these times.Friendship doesnt negate this rule of society even his good friend Huck is far superior to him. Even as far into the book as Chapter 31, Huck still holds himself accountable to the strict racist rules o f his community, where empowering a black man is a low-down thing(Twain 219). However in this course of the tale, Hucks attitude toward his black companion begins to shift. This is a struggle for him at first, and a reader can get a definite sense of Huck grappling with how society has forever and a day forced him to think.For example, although he shows reluctance in apologizing to Jim for his trick, he really does feel like the trash Jim likens him to (Twain 107). non only does he get over his reluctance and apologizes to Jim, but makes a firm pledge to himself not to do him no more mean tricks and I wouldnt done that one if Id knowed it would make him feel that way (Twain 107). Another instance is when Huck encounters a group of white men beting for runaway slaves. He struggles momentarily about the morality of hiding Jim, still thinking of the latter as a stolen piece of property and not a person.Huck then swings the other way and conceals Jim from the men with a clever ruse ( Twain 117). In the end after a long and intemperately struggle, both Huck and Jim achieve a certain degree of freedom. Not just freedom unionise sivilization for Huck Salas 4 and slavery for Jim, but freedom from the rigid mindset of the racist South. Huck learns to look at Jim not merely as a Negro, a piece of property or soulfulness inferior and worthless, but as a human being and as a friend.

Welsh childhood Essay Example for Free

cheat childhood EssayDylan Marlais doubting doubting Thomas was born in the Welsh seaport of Swansea, Carmarthenshire, Wales, on October 27, 1914. His father, David John, was an English instructor and a would-be poet from whom Dylan inherited his intellectual and literary abilities. From his mother, Florence, a simple and religious woman, Dylan inherited his surliness, temperament, and look on for his Celtic heritage. He had one older sister, Nancy. He attended the Swansea Grammar School, where he received both of his nominal education. As a student he made contributions to the school magazine and was keenly interested in local folklore (stories passed down within a culture). He said that as a boy he was small(a), thin, indecisively active, quick to get dirty, curly. During these early school years, Thomas befriended Daniel Jones, a nonher local schoolboy. The 2 would issue hundreds of poems together, and as adults Jones would edit a collection of Thomass poetry. After le aving school, Thomas supported himself as an actor, reporter, reviewer, scriptwriter, and with miscellaneous odd jobs. When he was twenty-two years old, he married Caitlin Macnamara, by whom he had two sons, Llewelyn and Colm, and a daughter, Aeron. After his marriage, Thomas moved to the fishing village of Laugharne, Carmarthenshire.Begins writing c areerTo support his growing family, Thomas was forced to write radio scripts for the Ministry of Information (Great Britains information services) and documentaries for the British g overnment. He similarly served as an aircraft artilleryman during World War II (193945 a war fought between Germany, Japan, and Italy, the Axis powers and England, France, the Soviet Union, and the get together States, the Allies). After the war he became a commentator on poetry for the British Broadcasting pile (BBC). In 1950 Thomas made the first of three irritate tours through the Reproduced by permission ofAP/ unspecific World Photos.United States the others were in 1952 and 1953in which he gave more than one hundred poetry readings. In these appearances he half recited, half sang the lines in his Welsh singing voice. Thomass poetic output was not large. He wrote only six poems in the last six years of his life. A grueling lecture schedule greatly slowed his literary output in these years. His belief that he would die young conduct him to create instant Dylanthe persona of the wild young Welsh bard, demonic by drink and women, that he believed his public wanted. When he was thirty-five years old, he described himself as old, small, dark, intelligent, and darting-doting-dotting eyed balding and toothlessing. During Thomass dish the dirt to the United States in 1953, he was scheduled to read his own and other poetry in about forty university towns throughout the country.He also intended to work on the libretto (text) of an opera for Igor Stravinsky (18821971) in the latters atomic number 20 home. Thomas noteworthy his th irty-ninth birthday in New York City in a mood of gay exhilaration, following the extraordinary success of his just-published Collected Poems. The festivities ended in his collapse and illness. On November 9, 1953, he died in St. Vincents Hospital in New York City. Some reports attribute his death to pneumonia brought on by alcoholism, others to encephalopathy, a brain disease. His body was returned to Laugharne, Wales, for burial.Literary worksThomas published his first book of poetry, Eighteen Poems (1934), when he was not yet twenty years old. The reeling excitement of a poetry-intoxicated schoolboy smote the Philistine as hard a blow with one small book as Swinburne had with Poems and Ballads, wrote Kenneth Rexroth. Thomass second and third volumes were Twenty-five Poems (1936) and The Map of fill in (1939). The poems of his first three volumes were collected in The World I Breathe (1939). By this time Thomas was being hailed as the most spectacular of the surrealist poets, or poets who used fantastic imagery of the subconscious in their verse. He acknowledged his debt to James Joyce (18821941) and dotted his pages with invented talking to and puns (the use of two or more words that sound the same, usually for likingous purposes).Thomas also acknowledged his debt to Sigmund Freud (18561939), stating Poetry is the rhythmic, inevitably narrative, movement from an over clothed blindness to a naked vision. Poetry must drag further into the clear nudeness of light more even of the hidden causes than Freud could realize. A Portrait of the Artist as a teen Dog (1940) is a collection of humorous autobiographical (having to do with writing about oneself) sketches. Thomas shaft the wild landscape of Wales, and he put much of his childhood and youth into these stories. He published two more new collections of poetry, both of which contained somewhat of his finest work Deaths and Entrances (1946) and In Country Sleep (1951). Collected Poems, 19341953 (1953) co ntains all of his poetry that he wished to preserve.Themes and styleThomas claimed that his poetry was the record of my individual struggle from darkness toward some measure of light. To be stripped of darkness is to be clean, to strip of darkness is to make clean. He also wrote that his poems with all their crudities, doubts, and confusions, are written for the love of man and in praise of God, and Id be a damned fool if they werent. Passionate and intense, vivid and violent, Thomas wrote that he became a poet because I had fallen in love with words. His sense of the richness and variety and flexibility of the English language shines through all of his work. The theme of all of Thomass poetry is the celebration of the divine (godly) purpose he saw in all human and rude(a) processes. The cycle of birth and flowering and death, of love and death, are also found throughout his poems.He celebrated life in the seas and fields and hills and towns of his native Wales. In some of his shor ter poems he sought to recapture a childs innocent vision of the world. Thomas was passionately dedicated to his sullen art, and he was a competent, finished, and occasionally coordination compound craftsman. He made, for example, more than two hundred versions of Fern Hill before he was satisfied with it. His early poems are relatively mysterious and complex in sense but simple and obvious in pattern. His later poems, on the other hand, are simple in sense but complex in sounds. beneath Milk Wood, a radio play commissioned by the BBC (published 1954), was Thomass last completed work. This poem-play is not a drama but a parade of strange, outrageous, and charming Welsh villagers. During the twenty-four hours presented in the play, the characters remember and formulate the casual and crucial moments of their lives. Adventures in the Skin Trade and Other Stories (1955) contains all the uncollected stories and shows the wit and humor that made Thomas an enchanting companion.

Typhoid Fever Signs, Symptoms and Treatments

Typhoid febricity Signs, Symptoms and treatmentsName of complaint Typhoid Fever1. Aetiology Typhoid febrility, otherwise known as intestinal febricity, is a potentially fatal multisystemic illness caused primarily by Salm acella typhi. S typhi has been a major humankind pathogen for thousands of years, thriving in conditions of poor sanitation, crowding, and social chaos. It might obligate been responsible for the Great Plague of capital of Greece at the end of the Peloponnesian War. The name S typhi is derived from the ancient Greek typhos, an ethereal smoke or cloud that was believed to cause disease and madness. In the advanced stages of enteric fever fever, the patients level of consciousness is truly clouded. Although antibiotics involve attachly reduced the frequency of typhoid fever fever in the ruined world, it remains endemic in developing countries.This large genus of gram-negative bacilli within the family Enterobacteriaceae consists of two species S. ente rica, which contains six subspecies, and S. bongori. S. enterica subspecies I take ons more(prenominal) or less all the sero slips pathogenic for humans. According to the current Salmonella nomenclature system, the full taxonomic designation S. enterica subspecies enterica serotype typhimurium back end be shortened to Salmonella serotype typhimurium or simply S. typhimurium.Salmonellae atomic number 18 gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively-anaerobic bacilli that measure 23 by 0.40.6 m. The sign identification of salmonellae in the clinical microbiology laboratory was based on growth characteristics. Salmonellae produce acid on glucose fermentation, reduce nitrates, and do not produce cytochrome oxidase. In addition, all salmonellae except S. gallinarum-pullorum argon motile by means of peritrichous flagella, and all but S. typhi produce gas (H2S) on sugar fermentation. Notably, only 1% of clinical isolates ferment lactose, and a high level of suspicion must be mainta ined to name these r argon clinical lactose-fermenters.2. Incidence Typhoid fever occurs worldwide, primarily in developing nations whose sanitary conditions are poor. Typhoid fever is endemic in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Oceania, but 80% of cases come from Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, or Vietnam. inwardly those countries, typhoid fever is most common in underdeveloped areas. Typhoid fever infects roughly 21.6 meg people (incidence of 3.6 per 1,000 population) and kills an estimated 200,000 people every year.In the United States and other developed nations, most cases of typhoid fever a devise in international travelers.3. Pathogenesis All Salmonella transmittals begin with ingestion of beingnesss, most commonly in contaminated food or water. The infectious dose is 103106 colony-forming units. Conditions that decrease either stomach sourness or intestinal integrity increase susceptibility to Salmonella infection.Once S. ty phi and S. paratyphi reach the small intestine, they penetrate the mucus layer of the catgut and traverse the intestinal layer through phagocytic microfold (M) cells that reside within Peyer patches.After crossing the epithelial layer of the small intestine, S. typhi and S. paratyphi, which cause enteric (typhoid) fever, are phagocytosed by macrophages. These salmonellae survive the antimicrobial environment of the macrophage by sensing environmental signals that trigger alterations in regulatory systems of the phagocytosed bacteria. In addition, salmonellae encode a second type III secretion system that directly deliver-coloreds bacterial proteins across the phago some membrane into the macrophage cytoplasm. This secretion system functions to remold the Salmonella-containing vacuole, promoting bacterial survival and replication.Once phagocytosed, typhoidal salmonellae disseminate throughout the body in macrophages via the lymphatics, and colonize reticuloendothelial tissues (liver , spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow). Patients have relatively few or no signs and symptoms during this initial incubation stage. Signs and symptoms, including fever and abdominal pain, probably consequent from secretion of cytokines by macrophages and epithelial cells in response to bacterial products that are recognized by unlearned immune receptors when a critical number of organisms have replicated. Over clock time, the development of hepatosplenomegaly is likely to be link to the recruitment of mononucleate cells and the development of a specific acquired cell-mediated immune response to S. typhi colonization. The recruitment of additional mononuclear cells and lymphocytes to Peyer patches during the several weeks aft(prenominal) initial colonization/infection can result in marked working out and necrosis of the Peyer patches, which whitethorn be mediated by bacterial products that promote cell death as well as the inflammatory response.4. Clinical features Typhoid f ever begins 7-14 days after ingestion ofS typhi.The fever pattern is stepwise, characterized by a rising temperature over the course of each day that drops by the resultant morning. The peaks and troughs raising progressively over time.Over the course of the first week of illness, the gastrointestinal manifestations of the disease develop. These entangle diffuse abdominal pain and tenderness and, in some cases, fierce colicky right swiftness quadrant pain and also constipation. The individual then develops a dry cough, dull frontal headache, fad, and an more and more stuporous malaise.At approximately the end of the first week of illness, the fever plateaus at 39-40C. The patient develops go up spots, which are salmon-colored, blanching, truncal, maculopapules usually 1-4 cm wide and fewer than 5 in number these generally steady down within 2-5 days.During the second week of illness, the signs and symptoms listed above progress. The abdomen becomes distended, and soft splenom egaly is common. Relative bradycardia and dicrotic pulse (double model, the second beat weaker than the first) may develop.In the trine week, the still febrile individual grows more toxic and anorexic with strong weight loss. The conjunctivae are infected, and the patient is tachypneic with a thready pulse and crackles over the lung bases. Abdominal distension is severe. few patients experience foul, green-yellow, liquid diarrhea (pea soup diarrhea). The individual may descend into the typhoid state, which is characterized by apathy, confusion, and evening psychosis. Necrotic Peyer patches may cause bowel perforation and peritonitis. This complication is often unheralded and may be wrapped by corticosteroids. At this point, overwhelming toxemia,myocarditisC1, or intestinal hemorrhage may cause death.If the individual survives to the stern week, the fever, mental state, and abdominal distension slowly improve over a few days. Intestinal and neurologicalal complications may st ill occur in surviving untreated individuals. Weight loss and debilitating flunk last months. Some survivors become asymptomaticS typhicarriers and have the potential to transmit the bacteria indefinitely. However, there are some atypical presentations of classical typhoid fever and the clinical course of a given individual with typhoid fever may deviate from the above description of classic disease.The timing of the symptoms and host response may vary based on geographic region, race factors, and the infecting bacterial strain. The stepladder fever pattern that was at a time the hallmark of typhoid fever now occurs in as few as 12% of cases. In most contemporary presentations of typhoid fever, the fever has a steady insidious onsetC2.Young children, individuals with AIDS, and one third of immunocompetent adults who develop typhoid fever develop diarrhea rather than constipationC3. In addition, in some localities, typhoid fever is generally more apt to cause diarrhea than constipa tion.Atypical manifestations of typhoid fever include isolated severe headaches that may mimic meningitis, acute lobar pneumonia, isolated arthralgias, urinary symptoms, severe jaundice, or fever alone.5. Complications These include the followingGastrointestinal bleeding (1020%of patients), intestinal perforation (13% of patients).former(a)s are neurologic manifestations which occur in 240% of patients, including meningitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, neuritis, and neuropsychiatric symptoms usually described as muttering delirium or coma vigil, with picking at bedclothes or imaginary objects.Rare complications includeDisseminated intravascular coagulation, haematophagocytic syndrome, pancreatitis, hepatic and splenic abscesses and granulomas, endocarditis, pericarditis, myocarditis, orchitis, hepatitis, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome, severe pneumonia, arthritis, osteomyelitis, and parotitis.Fewer than 10% of patients develop mild relapse, usually wit hin 23 weeks of fever resolution and in association with the same strain type and susceptibility profile.About 10% of untreated patients with typhoid fever excrete S. typhi in their feces for up to 3 months, and 14% develop chronic asymptomatic carriage, shedding S. typhi in either urine or stool for great than one year. Chronic carriage is more common among women, infants, and persons who have biliary abnormalities or concurrent bladder infection with Schistosoma haematobium.6. Examination and testsThe diagnosis of typhoid fever (enteric fever) is primarily clinical. However there are serial of tests which could confirm the diagnosis .These tests are Cultures Blood, bone marrow, stool and urine specimens. Blood Cultures are widely considered speed of light% specific while culture of bone marrow aspirate is 90% sensitive until at least 5 days after commencement of antibiotics. The technique is extremely painful, which may outweigh its benefit.Blood, intestinal secretions (vomitus or duodenal aspirate), and stool culture results are positive for S typhi in approximately 85%-90% of patients with typhoid fever who present within the first week of onset. They decline to 20%-30% later in the disease course. In particular, stool culture may be positive for S typhi several days after ingestion of the bacteria secondary to inflammation of the intraluminal dendritic cells.Bone marrow aspiration and blood are cultured in a selective medium (eg, 10% aqueous oxgall) or a alimentary medium (eg, tryptic soy broth) and are incubated at 37C for at least 7 days. Subcultures are made daily to one selective medium (eg, MacConkey agar) and one inhibitory medium (eg, Salmonella-Shigella agar). Identification of the organism with these conventional culture techniques usually takes 48-72 hours from acquisition.Molecular Method Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever with varying success. Nested PCR, which involves two rounds of PCR using two primers with different sequences within the H1-d flagellin gene of S typhi, offers the beaver sensitivity and specificity. Combining assays of blood and urine, this technique has achieved a sensitivity of 82.7% and reported specificity of 100%.Serologic tests These are assays that identify Salmonella antibodies or antigens, supporting the diagnosis of typhoid fever, but these results should be confirmed with cultures or deoxyribonucleic acid evidence.The Widal test was the mainstay of typhoid fever diagnosis for decades. It is used to measure agglutinating antibodies against H and O antigens of S typhi. Neither sensitive nor specific, the Widal test is no longer an acceptable clinical method.Indirect hemagglutination, indirect light Vi antibody, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to S typhi polysaccharide, as well as monoclonal antibodies against S typhi flagellin are promising, but the success rates of these assays vary greatly in the literature.Other non-specific laboratory studiesMost patients with typhoid fever are moderately anemic, have an elevated erythrocyte deposit rate (ESR), thrombocytopenia, and relative lymphopenia.Most also have a slightly elevated prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and decreased fibrinogen levels.Circulating fibrin degradation products commonly rise to levels seen in subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).Liver transaminase and serum bilirubin values usually rise to twice the reference range.Mild hyponatremia and hypokalemia are common.A serum alanine amino transferase (ALT)tolactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ratio of more than 91 appears to be helpful in distinguishing typhoid from viral hepatitis. A ratio of greater than 91 supports a diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis, while ratio of less than 91 supports typhoid hepatitisDifferential diagnosis This includes includeMalaria, Hepatitis, Bacterial enteritis , dengue fever, rickettsial infections, leptospirosis, amebic liver abscesses, and acute HIV infection.7. Risk factorsa Gastric Factors Antacids, histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers), proton pump inhibitors, gastrostomy, and achlorhydria decrease stomach acidity and facilitate S typhi infection.b. Genetic and host factors Genetic polymorphisms.c. Environmental and behavioural risk factors that are independently associated with typhoid fever include1. Eating food from street vendors,Living in the same business firm with someone who has new case of typhoid fever,Washing the hands inadequately,Sharing food from the same plate, potable unpurified water, andLiving in a household that does not have a toilet8. TreatmentThe proper treatment approach to typhoid fever depends on whether the illness is complicated or uncomplicated. complicate typhoid fever is characterized by melena (3% of all hospitalized patients with typhoid fever), serious abdominal discomfort, intestinal per foration, marked neuropsychiatric symptoms, or other severe manifestations. Depending on the adequacy of diagnosis and treatment, complicated disease may develop in up to 10% of treated patients.Medical CareIf a patient presents with unexplained symptoms suggestive of typhoid fever (enteric fever), broad-spectrum empiric antibiotics should be started immediately. Treatment should not be delayed for supportive tests since prompt treatment drastically reduces the risk of complications and fatalities. Antibiotic therapy should be narrowed once more training concerning the definitive diagnosis is available. Recommended antibiotic therapies are Cefixime, Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin per oral for uncomplicated cases, while Ceftriazone, Azstereonam, Cefotaxime and Imipenem could be administered intravenously for complicated cases .Patients with uncomplicated disease may be treated on an outpatient basis. They must be advised to use strict hand washing techniques and to cancel preparin g food for others during the illness course. Hospitalized patients should be position in contact isolation during the acute phase of the infection. Feces and urine must be devoted of safely.Surgical care Surgery is usually indicated in cases of intestinal perforation. Most surgeons prefer simple resoluteness of the perforation with drainage of the peritoneum. Small-bowel resection is indicated for patients with multiple perforations.If antibiotic treatment fails to eradicate the hepatobiliary carriage, the gallbladder should be resected. Cholecystectomy is not always successful in eradicating the carrier state because of persisting hepatic infection.9. Home treatment of First Aid (where applicable) No home treatment for typhoid fever.10. Prevention. This involves the following measuresProtect and chlorinatepublic water supplies. Provide safe water supplies and avoid possible back flow connections between sewers and water supplies.Dispose of human faecesin a sanitary manner and maintain fly-proof latrines.Use scrupulouscleanliness in food preparationand handling.Educate the public regarding theimportance of handwashing this is important for food handlers and attendants involved in the care of patients and/or children.Immunization for typhoid fever is recommended for international travellers to endemic areas, especially if travel go out involve exposure to unsafe food and water or close contact in coarse areas and with indigenous populations11. Local names in Nigeria Akom in Igbo, Zazabi chiwo nkpanyo in Hausa and iba jeefun jeefun in Yoruba..12. Endemic areasTyphoid fever usually occurs in developing nations whose sanitary conditions are poor. Typhoid fever is endemic in Asia, Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Oceania, but 80% of cases come from Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, or Vietnam. Within those countries, typhoid fever is most common in underdeveloped areas.13. Disease imagesRose spots on the chest of a patient with typhoid fever due to the bacteriumSalmonellaLizzie van Zylwas a child inmate in a British-run concentration camp in South Africa who died from typhoid fever during theBoer War(18991902)Referenceshttp//emedicine.medscape.com/article/231135-overview3http//www.who.int/topics/typhoid_fever/en/http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001332.htmhttp//www.infectionlandscapes.org/2011/11/typhoid-fever.htmlhttp//www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/typhoid_fever/http//textbookofbacteriology.net/salmonella.htmAnthony S. Fauci et al, Harrisonss Principles of innate Medicine 17th edition 2008.Gerald L. Mandell et al, Mandell, Douglas and Bennetts Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease 7th edition,2010.C1Shows link from Medscape. name shows several similarities to Medscape article.C2HighlightC3Highlight